Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes eggs of public health importance in house-hold dogs presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State

Esonu, D. O.; Ibrahim, M; Otolorin, Gbeminiyi Richard; Per, Msugh Felix; Esonu, M.C.

doi:10.4314/nvj.v40i3.5

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The 21% prevalence of D. caninum in dogs was comparable with 20% (95% CI: 12–29%) prevalence pooled from studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa [ 25 ]. However, it was higher than the prevalence reported in dogs presented to veterinary hospitals, 8.2% ( n = 98) in Nigeria [ 26 ] and lower than the 40% ( n = 100) prevalence in Hidalgo county of Texas, USA [ 27 ]. Some community based studies have reported D. caninum infection in dogs in Ethiopia with a prevalence as low as 6.6% in Mekelle Town [ 16 ] and as high as 71% in Ambo Town [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Male dogs also usually move around in search of female dogs that could be on heat (estrus) and thereby scavenging bushes and waste that can increase their likelihood of exposure to D . caninum than female dogs [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The higher frequency in male dogs compared to females might be due to the guarding stress and spending much more time in a confined house, which in turn can increase the chance of exposure to infection and can exacerbate re-infection as fleas can hide in the cracks [43]. Male dogs also usually move around in search of female dogs that could be on heat (estrus) and thereby scavenging bushes and waste that can increase their likelihood of exposure to D. caninum than female dogs [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dipylidium caninum Infection in Dogs and Humans in Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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Dogs are reservoirs of many zoonotic diseases. In Ethiopia, the majority of owned dogs are semi-stray, freely roaming in the community. Studies reporting dog borne zoonotic diseases are scarce in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to assess Dipylidium caninum infection in dogs and in children with gastrointestinal complaints in Bishoftu Town, Oromia. We collected 384 fecal samples from dogs presented to veterinary teaching hospital and 259 stool samples from children presented to Bishoftu Hospital for clinical examination. Samples were first macroscopically examined for the presence of proglotids, followed by microscopic examination for the presence of eggs with the direct smear following flotation technique. The prevalence of D. caninum was 21% (95% CI: 16.6–24.9) in dogs. Although not statistically significant (p > 0.05), higher prevalence was detected in adult (11.9%), local breed (17.7%), and male (12.6%) dogs compared to young (8.59%), exotic breed (2.86%), and females (7.81%), respectively. Dipylidium caninum was detected in a stool sample obtained from a three year-old child (0.4%, 1/259). This study showed that the prevalence of D. caninum in the dogs is high while it is rare in children. Although the prevalence in children is negligible in this study, the high proportion of infected dogs can pose a significant risk of infection in the general human population. Public health risk can be reduced by eliminating the semi-roaming of owned dogs and proper management of dogs with regular deworming and prevention of environmental contamination with dog feces. Similarly, raising public awareness about dog borne zoonoses and avoiding contact with dog feces are important.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dipylidium caninum Infection in Dogs and Humans in Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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“…Dog breeds were divided into three categories: exotic, cross, and local. The formula of Thrus eld (2005) was used to calculate the sample size, with a 95% con dence interval and 22.4% prevalence rate as reported by Esonu et al (2019) in Zaria, Nigeria. For accuracy, the originally estimated sample size of 197 was raised to 200.…”

Section: Sampling Procedures and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dogs and Associated Hematological Changes in Gombe State, Nigeria

Audu

2024

Preprint

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Gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes are a common parasitic problem in dogs, causing significant health issues. These parasites live in the digestive tract and can lead to a variety of symptoms, depending on the type and severity of infection. A cross sectional study was conducted from August 2023 to December 2023 to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes of dogs and their effect on haematological parameters in Gombe State, Nigeria. A total of 200 faecal samples from dogs were collected using systematic random sampling technique from six (two from each Senatorial zone) randomly selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) out of the eleven LGAs in the State. Formalin-ether centrifugation-floatation technique was used to detect nematode parasites using microscopy. Haematological evaluations were performed according to standard procedures. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes of dogs in the study area was 36.5%. The parasites identified were Ancylostoma caninum, Toxocara canis and Trichuris vulpis with 58.9%, 28.7% and 12.3% prevalences respectively. The haematological parameters revealed reduction of the Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) of both the infected and non-infected dogs below the reference values while only the infected group has Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) below the reference values. There were eosinophilia, monocytosis and leukocytosis in the infected group whereas neutrophilia occurred in both the infected and non-infected groups. All other haematological values are within the reference ranges. This study establishes the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes of dogs and associated risk factors in Gombe State, Nigeria.

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“…Various species of helminths have been reported in dogs from different regions of Nigeria, with Toxocara canis (roundworm), Ancylostoma species (hookworm), Trichuris vulpis (whipworm), Dipylidium caninum (flea tapeworm), Taenia and Strongyloides species being the most common (Kamani et al, 2021). In addition, some helminths cause zoonotic diseases such as toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans), ancylostomosis (cutaneous larva migrans), hydatid disease and emerging/re-emerging infections such as cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis (Esonu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic, haematological and antioxidant potential of Spondias mombin L. in young dogs

2022

JoSVAS

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Associated side effects and anthelmintic resistance to synthetic anthelmintics limit their use. This study evaluated the anthelmintic, haematological and antioxidant activities of Spondias mombin (SM) in young dogs. In addition, phytochemical analyses and in vitro antioxidant assays of SM’s fractions were done using standard methods. Ten Nigerian indigenous dog breed (aged 2-6 months), were randomly allocated into two groups (A and B) and pre-treated with 200 µg/kg ivermectin subcutaneously. Two weeks after, each dog was infected with 400 L3/mL Ancylostoma caninum suspension orally and topically. On day 31 post infection, Group A was administered 5 mg/kg pyrantel pamoate (PP) once, while Group B was administered 500 mg/kg aqueous SM leaf extract for two days. Their physical condition, faecal egg count, body weights (BW), haematological, antioxidant and serum biochemistry were evaluated before and two weeks post treatment (PT). Data were presented as mean ± SEM, analyzed using student t-test and Chi-square, and p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Melanic faeces voided by dogs in both groups returned to normal colour and consistency PT, with SM aqueous extract comparing well with PP. There was slight decrease in WBC (8.74±4.85 to 8.37±1.78x 103/μL), improvement in PCV (30.60±6.54 to 33.20±4.87%), serum biochemistry and antioxidant values for Group B, though not statistically significant (p=0.2). Total cholesterol and phospholipids were significantly reduced PT in Group B (p = 0.05). Nine phytochemicals were identified in SM fractions and the plant demonstrated high free radical scavenging activity. Crude aqueous extract of Spondias mombin leaf is an effective anthelminthic, which can be developed further in the management of canine helminthosis.

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Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes eggs of public health importance in house-hold dogs presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Dipylidium caninum Infection in Dogs and Humans in Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia

Dipylidium caninum Infection in Dogs and Humans in Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dogs and Associated Hematological Changes in Gombe State, Nigeria

Anthelmintic, haematological and antioxidant potential of Spondias mombin L. in young dogs

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