Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pig farms in Switzerland

Kraemer, Julia G.; Pires, João; Kueffer, Marianne; Semaani, Eulalia; Endimiani, Andrea; Hilty, Markus; Oppliger, Anne

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.110

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…For ESBL, prevalence was 6% in the same population (2010) [40]; a study from 2016 regarding colonisation with MCR-producers revealed no positive sample [30]. Among pig farmers, no CPE were detected in 2015 whereas ESBL-prevalence was relatively high at 12% [41]. MRSA prevalence among pig farmers was 6.6% in 2008 [42], 0% in 2009 [43] and 12% in 2015 [41].…”

Section: People In Contact With Livestockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic-resistant pathogens in different patient settings and identification of surveillance gaps in Switzerland – a systematic review

et al. 2019

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The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) varies significantly among different patient populations. We aimed to summarise AMR prevalence data from screening studies in different patient settings in Switzerland and to identify surveillance gaps. We performed a systematic review, searching Pubmed, MEDLINE, Embase (01/2000–05/2017) and conference proceedings for Swiss studies reporting on carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), mobilised colistin-resistance, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) within different patient settings. We identified 2345 references and included 46 studies. For acute care patients, most screening data come from admission screenings, whereas AMR prevalence among hospitalised patients is largely unknown. Universal admission screenings showed ESBL-prevalences of 5–8% and MRSA-prevalences of 2–5%. For targeted screening, ESBL-prevalence ranged from 14–21%; MRSA-prevalence from 1–4%. For refugees, high ESBL (9–24%) and MRSA (16–24%) carriage rates were reported; returning travellers were frequently (68–80%) colonised with ESBL. Screening data for other pathogens, long-term care facility (LTCF) residents and pediatric populations were scarce. This review confirms high ESBL- and MRSA-carriage rates for risk populations in Switzerland. Emerging pathogens (CPE and VRE) and certain populations (inpatients, LTCF residents and children) are understudied. We encourage epidemiologists and public health authorities to consider these findings in the planning of future surveillance studies.

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Section: People In Contact With Livestockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic-resistant pathogens in different patient settings and identification of surveillance gaps in Switzerland – a systematic review

et al. 2019

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“…Pig farmers are exposed to a complex and heterogeneous environment, including large amounts of bacteria on a daily basis ( 1 ), and swine represent a potential reservoir for many pathogens that can be transmitted to humans, such as Streptococcus suis and Clostridium difficile ( 2 ). Also, there is a growing concern regarding the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at pig farms and at other livestock-associated areas ( 3 – 7 ). A considerable number of studies have been published showing the transmission of these bacteria from pigs to humans (for reviews, see references 2 , 8 , 9 and 10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Pig Farming on the Human Nasal Microbiota: Key Role of Airborne Microbial Communities

Kraemer

Ramette

Aebi

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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It has been hypothesized that the environment can influence the composition of the nasal microbiota. However, the direct influence of pig farming on the anterior and posterior nasal microbiota is unknown. Using a cross-sectional design, pig farms (n = 28) were visited in 2014 to 2015, and nasal swabs from 43 pig farmers and 56 pigs, as well as 27 air samples taken in the vicinity of the pig enclosures, were collected. As controls, nasal swabs from 17 cow farmers and 26 non-animal-exposed individuals were also included. Analyses of the microbiota were performed based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and the DADA2 pipeline to define sequence variants (SVs). We found that pig farming is strongly associated with specific microbial signatures (including alpha- and beta-diversity), which are reflected in the microbiota of the human nose. Furthermore, the microbial communities were more similar within the same farm compared to between the different farms, indicating a specific microbiota pattern for each pig farm. In total, there were 82 SVs that occurred significantly more abundantly in samples from pig farms than from cow farmers and nonexposed individuals (i.e., the core pig farm microbiota). Of these, nine SVs were significantly associated with the posterior part of the human nose. The results strongly indicate that pig farming is associated with a distinct human nose microbiota. Finally, the community structures derived by the DADA2 pipeline showed an excellent agreement with the outputs of the mothur pipeline which was revealed by procrustes analyses.IMPORTANCE The knowledge about the influence of animal keeping on the human microbiome is important. Previous research has shown that pets significantly affect the microbial communities of humans. However, the effect of animal farming on the human microbiota is less clear, although it is known that the air at farms and, in particular, at pig farms is charged with large amounts of dust, bacteria, and fungi. In this study, we simultaneously investigated the nasal microbiota of pigs, humans, and the environment at pig farms. We reveal an enormous impact of pig farming on the human nasal microbiota which is far more pronounced compared to cow farming. In addition, we analyzed the airborne microbiota and found significant associations suggesting an animal-human transmission of the microbiota within pig farms. We also reveal that microbial patterns are farm specific, suggesting that the environment influences animals and humans in a similar manner.

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“…Every year tons of antibiotic residues are discarded into natural resources, making the environment a reservoir of bacteria carrying resistance genes ( Davies & Davies, 2010 ; Fukuda et al, 2016 ). Moreover, antibiotic resistance is a natural phenomenon in that the microorganisms from the environment and human pathogens share the same resistome ( Dantas et al, 2008 ; Forsberg et al, 2012 ; Kraemer et al, 2017 ). In recent years it has been observed that a drastic increase of pathogenic bacterial strains resistant to multiple antibiotics, including Klebsiella pneumoniae , Acinetobacter baumannii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Gram-negative pathogenic species ( Finley et al, 2013 ; Moyaert et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilms and antibiotic susceptibility of multidrug-resistant bacteria from wild animals

Días

Borges

Oliveira

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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BackgroundThe “One Health” concept recognizes that human health and animal health are interdependent and bound to the health of the ecosystem in which they (co)exist. This interconnection favors the transmission of bacteria and other infectious agents as well as the flow of genetic elements containing antibiotic resistance genes. This problem is worsened when pathogenic bacteria have the ability to establish as biofilms. Therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics and behaviour of microorganisms in both planktonic and biofilms states from the most diverse environmental niches to mitigate the emergence and dissemination of resistance.MethodsThe purpose of this work was to assess the antibiotic susceptibility of four bacteria (Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Shewanella putrefaciens) isolated from wild animals and their ability to form biofilms. The effect of two antibiotics, imipenem (IPM) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), on biofilm removal was also assessed. Screening of resistance genetic determinants was performed by PCR. Biofilm tests were performed by a modified microtiter plate method. Bacterial surface hydrophobicity was determined by sessile drop contact angles.ResultsThe susceptibility profile classified the bacteria as multidrug-resistant. Three genes coding for β-lactamases were detected in K. pneumoniae (TEM, SHV, OXA-aer) and one in P. fluorescens (OXA-aer). K. pneumoniae was the microorganism that carried more β-lactamase genes and it was the most proficient biofilm producer, while P. fluorescens demonstrated the highest adhesion ability. Antibiotics at their MIC, 5 × MIC and 10 × MIC were ineffective in total biofilm removal. The highest biomass reductions were found with IPM (54% at 10 × MIC) against K. pneumoniae biofilms and with CIP (40% at 10 × MIC) against P. fluorescens biofilms.DiscussionThe results highlight wildlife as important host reservoirs and vectors for the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria and genetic determinants of resistance. The ability of these bacteria to form biofilms should increase their persistence.

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Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pig farms in Switzerland

Cited by 37 publications

References 37 publications

Antibiotic-resistant pathogens in different patient settings and identification of surveillance gaps in Switzerland – a systematic review

Antibiotic-resistant pathogens in different patient settings and identification of surveillance gaps in Switzerland – a systematic review

Influence of Pig Farming on the Human Nasal Microbiota: Key Role of Airborne Microbial Communities

Biofilms and antibiotic susceptibility of multidrug-resistant bacteria from wild animals

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