Prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistant genes in strains of Klebsiella pneumonia, Morganella morganii, Leclercia adecarboxylata and Citrobacter freundii isolated from poultry in South Western Nigeria

Abstract

A serious concern is arising on the coexistence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) producing bacteria in animal husbandry, which could be transferred to humans, especially in strains that may not be routinely screened for resistance. This study therefore tested the prevalence of ESBL and PMQR genes in selected bacteria isolated from poultry faeces. Faecal droppings of birds were collected from 11 farms in five states in South Western Nigeria. Bacteria were isolated from the samples on cefotaxime supplemented plates and identified with MALDI-TOF. The MIC was determined using VITEK system and resistance genes were detected with PCR. A total of 350 strains were isolated from different samples and selected strains were identified as 23 Klebsiella pneumonia, 12 Morganella morganii, seven Leclercia adecarboxylata and one Citrobacter freundii. All the species were resistant to gentamycin, trimethoprim/sulphamethaxole, tobramycin, piperacillin, cefotaxime and aztreonam (except Morganella morganii strains which were mostly susceptible to aztreonam). All the tested strains were susceptible to imipenem, meropenem and amikacin. All Leclercia adecarboxylata strains were resistant to ceftazidime, cefepime and fosfomycin while all Morganella morganii strains were resistant to fosfomycin, moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin. All tested species were generally sensitive to ciprofloxacin except Morganella morganii strains which were resistant to ciprofloxacin. The resistance to ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, cefepime, tigercylin, colistin and fosfomycin were 65%, 40%, 23%,, 7%, 33%, 48% respectively while the prevalence of SHV, TEM and CTX genes were 42%, 63%, 35% respectively. 9.3% of the isolates had the three ESBL genes, 2.33% had qnrA gene, 4.65% had qnr B gene while none had qnrS gene. The most prevalent PMQR gene is Oqxb (25.58%) while 6.98% had the qep gene. Klebsiella pneumoniae generally had both ESBL and PMQR genes. The high prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase genes in the studied strains calls for caution in the use of beta lactam antibiotics in poultry feeds. This is the first report of the occurrence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance genes in Morganella morganii and Leclercia adecarboxylata strains isolated from poultry faeces.

Antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolates from chicken droppings in Nairobi, Kenya

“…Beta-lactamase genes were detected among the isolates. These genes have previously been detected in poultry [34–36]. The TEM gene predominated followed by CTX-M; this was similar to previous study in Nigeria that reported prevalence of 63% and 35% of TEM and CTX-M respectively in isolates from chicken droppings [34].…”

“…These genes have previously been detected in poultry [34–36]. The TEM gene predominated followed by CTX-M; this was similar to previous study in Nigeria that reported prevalence of 63% and 35% of TEM and CTX-M respectively in isolates from chicken droppings [34]. In contrast, high prevalence of OXA has been reported in Algeria while in Germany the predominant beta-lactamase gene was CMY-2 and SHV [37, 38].…”

Characterization of plasmid-mediated qnrA and qnrB genes among Enterobacteriaceae strains: quinolone resistance and ESBL production in Ismailia, Egypt

“…The prevalence of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamaseproducing (ESBL) and quinolone resistance Enterobacteriaceae is increasing all over the world and infection with these bacteria strains were associated with an increase of morbidity, mortality, and health care costs [14,15]. In the USA, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention demonstrated in 2013 an increase in drug-resistant microorganisms and approximately 26,000 ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae infections and 1700 death s [16].…”

The Impact of Direct-Fed Microbials and Phytogenic Feed Additives on Prevalence and Transfer of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Genes in Broiler Chicken

“…The excreta samples were thawed at room temperature and each 1 g sample was diluted in 4.5 mL Buffered Peptone Water (BPW, Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG, Germany) as described previously [28]. The dilutions were plated on multiple MacConkey agar plates containing 2 µg CTX/mL agar as described previously [29][30][31] and incubated aerobically at 37 • C for 48 h.…”