Prevalence of Excess Sodium Intake in the United States — NHANES, 2009–2012

Jackson, Sandra; King, Sallyann M Coleman; Zhao, Lixia; Cogswell, Mary E.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6452a1

Cited by 117 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Most adults in the United States, including those with hypertension, consume sodium in excess of the recommended 2300 mg/d, with the mean daily sodium intake being w3500 mg (1). High sodium intake is known to be associated with high blood pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary sodium on metabolites: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)–Sodium Feeding Study

Derkach

Sampson

Joseph

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: High sodium intake is known to increase blood pressure and is difficult to measure in epidemiologic studies. Objective: We examined the effect of sodium intake on metabolites within the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Trial)-Sodium Trial to further our understanding of the biological effects of sodium intake beyond blood pressure. Design: The DASH-Sodium Trial randomly assigned individuals to either the DASH diet (low in fat and high in protein, low-fat dairy, and fruits and vegetables) or a control diet for 12 wk. Participants within each diet arm received, in random order, diets containing high (150 nmol or 3450 mg), medium (100 nmol or 2300 mg), and low (50 nmol or 1150 mg) amounts of sodium for 30 d (crossover design). Fasting blood samples were collected at the end of each sodium intervention. We measured 531 identified plasma metabolites in 73 participants at the end of their high-and low-sodium interventions and in 46 participants at the end of their high-and medium-sodium interventions (N = 119). We used linear mixed-effects regression to model the relation between each log-transformed metabolite and sodium intake. We also combined the resulting P values with Fisher's method to estimate the association between sodium intake and 38 metabolic pathways or groups. Results: Six pathways were associated with sodium intake at a Bonferroni-corrected threshold of 0.0013 (e.g., fatty acid, food component or plant, benzoate, g-glutamyl amino acid, methionine, and tryptophan). Although 82 metabolites were associated with sodium intake at a false discovery rate #0.10, only 4-ethylphenylsufate, a xenobiotic related to benzoate metabolism, was significant at a Bonferroni-corrected threshold (P , 10 25 ). Adjustment for coinciding change in blood pressure did not substantively alter the association for the top-ranked metabolites. Conclusion: Sodium intake is associated with changes in circulating metabolites, including gut microbial, tryptophan, plant component, and g-glutamyl amino acid-related metabolites. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000608.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary sodium on metabolites: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)–Sodium Feeding Study

Derkach

Sampson

Joseph

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…A positive and continuous relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure is well established, 2 yet 89% of US adults consume more sodium than recommended by the US Department of Health and Human Services and the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 3 Existing estimates of sodium intake measured by self-report show that US adults consume an average of 3,552mg/day (SE 32.2), 4 well above recommendations (1,500-2,300mg/day), and public health efforts aim to reduce sodium consumption. [5][6][7] Salt sensitivity, defined as greater blood pressure response to sodium intake than average, is more prevalent in non-Hispanic Blacks and Asian populations; [8][9][10] thus, an understanding of racial/ethnic variation in sources of dietary sodium and salt behaviors has important implications for public health practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asian American Dietary Sources of Sodium and Salt Behaviors Compared with Other Racial/Ethnic Groups, NHANES, 2011-2012

Firestone

Beasley

Kwon³

et al. 2017

Ethn Dis

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Objective: Asian Americans consume more sodium than other racial/ethnic groups. The purpose of this analysis was to describe major sources of sodium intake to inform sodium reduction initiatives. Methods: Cross-sectional data on adults (aged >18 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012 with one 24-hour dietary recall were analyzed (n=5,076). Population proportions were calculated from “What We Eat in America” (WWEIA) food categories. Results: Asian Americans had a higher sodium density vs adults of other racial/ ethnic groups (means in mg/1000kcal: Asian American, 2031.1; Hispanic,1691.6; White: 1666.5; Black: 1655.5; P<.05, all). Half of sodium consumed by Asian Americans came from the top 10 food categories, in contrast to Hispanics (43.6%), Whites (39.0%), and Blacks (36.0%). Four food categories were a top source of sodium for Hispanics, Whites, Blacks, and others, but not among Asian Americans: cold cuts and cured meats; meat mixed dishes; eggs and omelets; and cheese. The top three food category sources of sodium among Asians were soups, rice, and yeast breads accounting for 28.9% of dietary sodium. Asian Americans were less likely to add salt at the table, but used salt in food preparation ‘very often’ (P for both <.01). Conclusions: Mean sodium consumption and sources vary across racial/ethnic groups with highest consumption in Asian Americans. Given the smaller number of food categories contributing to sodium intake in Asian Americans, results imply that targeted activities on a few food items would have a large impact on reducing sodium intake in this group.Ethn Dis. 2017;27(3):241-248; doi:10.18865/ed.27.3.241

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“…Con respecto al consumo de sal, centenares de estudios, y sobre todo la Organización Mundial para la Salud 15 , han ratificado la relación que existe entre el consumo excesivo de sal 16 , mismo que se da en casi todos los rangos de edad, y la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas severas como Los hombres tienen menos probabilidad de contestar que sí a la afirmación "Creo que consumo demasiada grasa" (OR=0,61; IC95%:0,43-0,85; p=0,004) respecto a las mujeres. En esta última afirmación se encontró también que los individuos con edades comprendidas entre los 18-40 años tienen menos probabilidad de decir que sí (OR=0,63; IC95%:0,44-0,90; p=0,01) respecto a los individuos mayores de 40 años.…”

Section: Or: Odss Ratio; Ic95%: Intervalo De Confianza Al 95%;unclassified

Actitudes y prácticas de la población en relación al etiquetado de tipo “semáforo nutricional” en Ecuador

Padilla

Carpio-Arias

López

et al. 2017

Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet

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Introducción: La elección de alimentos es fundamental para la salud de las poblaciones. Las estrategias como las normas del etiquetado en los productos alimenticios podrían ayudar a que el consumidor tenga información clara de los alimentos que consume.Objetivos: Explorar la asociación del sexo y la edad con las actitudes y prácticas frente al etiquetado nutricional tipo "Semáforo Nutricional" en Ecuador. Material y Métodos:Estudio transversal en una muestra por conveniencia de 622 sujetos de ambos sexos en 6 supermercados del área urbana de Riobamba durante los meses de septiembre de 2014 a febrero de 2015. Se realizaron contrastes de hipótesis de diferencias de proporciones y regresión logística para determinar la asociación de las actitudes y prácticas con el sexo y edad. Resultados:Respecto a las mujeres, los hombres (OR=1,58; IC95%:1,13-2,21; p<0,001) y los participantes de entre 18-40 años con respecto a los de >40 años (OR=1,72; IC95%:1,22-2,44; p=0,002) tienen más probabilidad de creer que actualmente hay demasiada presión para comer de forma saludable. Igualmente los hombres tienen menos probabilidad de creer que consumen demasiada grasa (OR=0,61; IC95%:0,43-0,85; p=0,01) respecto a las mujeres. Los participantes de entre 18-40 años frente a >40 años tienen más probabilidad de tratar de reducir al mínimo la cantidad de azúcar (OR=2,41; IC95%:1,76; p<0,001), sal (OR=2,24; IC95%:1,60; p<0,001) y grasa (OR=2,17; IC95%:1,27; p<0,001) que consumen. Conclusiones:Las actitudes y prácticas de la población respecto al semáforo nutricional pueden variar respecto a la edad y el sexo. PALABRAS CLAVE RESUMENActitudes y prácticas de la población en relación al etiquetado de tipo "semáforo nutricional" en Ecuador

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Prevalence of Excess Sodium Intake in the United States — NHANES, 2009–2012

Cited by 117 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of dietary sodium on metabolites: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)–Sodium Feeding Study

Effects of dietary sodium on metabolites: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)–Sodium Feeding Study

Asian American Dietary Sources of Sodium and Salt Behaviors Compared with Other Racial/Ethnic Groups, NHANES, 2011-2012

Actitudes y prácticas de la población en relación al etiquetado de tipo “semáforo nutricional” en Ecuador

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