Prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in post-weaned dairy calves in the eastern United States

Santı́n, Mónica; Trout, James M.; Fayer, Ronald

doi:10.1007/s00436-004-1132-6

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…bieneusi in pigs with high prevalence (32%) (29) and also in calves (9.5 to 11.5%) (237,243,277). The parasite has also been detected in cats (72,191), dogs (182,191), a goat (182) Natural infections with E. bieneusi were documented in captive monkeys, namely, rhesus macaques.…”

Section: Infections In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Potential of the Microsporidia

2005

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Microsporidia are long-known parasitic organisms of almost every animal group, including invertebrates and vertebrates. Microsporidia emerged as important opportunistic pathogens in humans when AIDS became pandemic and, more recently, have also increasingly been detected in otherwise immunocompromised patients, including organ transplant recipients, and in immunocompetent persons with corneal infection or diarrhea. Two species causing rare infections in humans, Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Brachiola vesicularum, had previously been described from animal hosts (vertebrates and insects, respectively). However, several new microsporidial species, including Enterocytozoon bieneusi, the most prevalent human microsporidian causing human immunodeficiency virus-associated diarrhea, have been discovered in humans, raising the question of their natural origin. Vertebrate hosts are now identified for all four major microsporidial species infecting humans (E. bieneusi and the three Encephalitozoon spp.), implying a zoonotic nature of these parasites. Molecular studies have identified phenotypic and/or genetic variability within these species, indicating that they are not uniform, and have allowed the question of their zoonotic potential to be addressed. The focus of this review is the zoonotic potential of the various microsporidia and a brief update on other microsporidia which have no known host or an invertebrate host and which cause rare infections in humans

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Section: Infections In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Potential of the Microsporidia

2005

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“…Is man a natural reservoir for the parasite or an accidental host in whom the infection becomes possible because of the deterioration of his immune system? For instance, after being identified in humans, spores of E. bieneusi were detected in numerous animal species, especially mammals but also birds, and in environmental source such as surface water, swimming pools or rivers (Coupe et al, 2006;Dowd et al, 1998;Fournier et al, 2000;Haro et al, 2006;Haro et al, 2005;Santin et al, 2004;Sparfel et al, 1997). Analysis of the sequence of the 243-bp internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene has revealed a considerable genetic variation within E. bieneusi isolates of human and animal origins.…”

Section: Genotypic Diversity and Host Specificitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterocytozoon bieneusiin human and animals, focus on laboratory identification and molecular epidemiology

2008

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ummary :Human microsporidian infections have emerged following the onset of the AIDS pandemic. Microsporidia are unicellular eukaryotic parasites that form spores. They are an exceptionally diverse group of parasites that infect a wide range of eukaryotic cells in numerous invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Of the 14 species newly described as pathogens in human, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, which causes gastrointestinal diseases, is the most common agent of human infections. In the past fifteen years, E. bieneusi was also identified in environmental sources, especially in surface water, as well as in wild, domestic and farm animals. These findings raised concerns for waterborne, foodborne and zoonotic transmission. Molecular analyses of the 243-bp internal Transcribed spacer-(ITS) of the rRNA gene have revealed a considerable genetic variation within E. bieneusi isolates of human and animal origins, supporting the potential for zoonotic transmission. The focus of this revue is to present and discuss recent advances in diagnosis and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi infections.

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“…Little is known about the routes of transmission, zoonotic potential, or potential reservoirs of E. bieneusi. E. bieneusi has been reported in a wide range of hosts, including beavers, cats, cattle, chickens, dogs, foxes, goats, muskrats, otters, pigs, rabbits, raccoons, and rhesus monkeys (Mansfield et al 1997;Breitenmoser et al 1999;del Aguila et al 1999;Dengjel et al 2001;Buckholt et al 2002;Reetz et al 2002;Fayer et al 2003;Sulaiman et al 2003b;Santı´n et al 2004). Spores of E. bieneusi have been identified in surface waters in the United States and France (Dowd et al 1998;Cotte et al 1999;Fournier et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Enterocytozoon bieneusi has been reported from cattle in Europe and North America (Rinder et al 2000;Dengjel et al 2001;Fayer et al 2003;Santı´n et al 2004;Sulaiman et al 2004). The extent to which E. bieneusiinfected cattle might pose a risk of human infection is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in dairy cattle in the eastern United States

2005

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Fecal specimens were obtained from 12-24-month-old dairy heifers on farms in Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida. PCR positive specimens for Enterocytozoon bieneusi were found in 131 of 571 heifers examined (23%) and on all the farms visited. The prevalence of E. bieneusi varied considerably across farms, with the lowest prevalence (4.7%) on MD-2 and the highest prevalence (37.8%) on NY-2. All PCR positive specimens that amplified the ITS region as well as a portion of the flanking large and small subunit ribosomal RNA genes were sequenced to determine the genotype(s) of the E. bieneusi present and six genotypes were identified. Most were identified as cattle-specific genotypes, previously reported from cattle as BEB1, BEB2, BEB3, and BEB4. Two isolates were genetically identical or similar to E. bienesusi reported as the human pathogens Peru 6 and Peru 9 (or D) genotypes. Although our data demonstrate the presence of zoonotic genotypes in cattle, most genotypes found in cattle were host specific.

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Prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in post-weaned dairy calves in the eastern United States

Cited by 33 publications

References 20 publications

Zoonotic Potential of the Microsporidia

Zoonotic Potential of the Microsporidia

Enterocytozoon bieneusiin human and animals, focus on laboratory identification and molecular epidemiology

Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in dairy cattle in the eastern United States

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