Prevalence of enteric bacteria and enteroparasites in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals with diarrhoea attending antiretroviral treatment clinic, Arba Minch General Hospital, southern Ethiopia

Ayele, Alemayehu; Tadesse, Dagimawie; Manilal, Aseer; Yohanes, Tsegaye; Seid, Mohammed; Mekuria, Mesele

doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100789

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Our ndings correlated with previous reports that individuals with HIV infections have a 20-to 100-fold higher risk of salmonellosis than healthy individuals [27]. The present rate of Salmonella infection (4.16%) is similar to that reported in Southern Ethiopia (5.1%) [31], but was higher than a nding in Peru (1%) [33], and Southern Ethiopia (2.8%) [38], but rather lower than a result from Uganda (8.1%) [34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Trends in Carriage of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase and Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteria Among HIV Infected Patients and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Western-Cameroon

Mabeku

Efon-Ekangouo

Mewa³

2020

Preprint

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Background: In Cameroon, studies on the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (E-ESBLs) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) among HIV infected individuals has not been investigated despite the progressively risen prevalence of HIV infection. The present study is intended determinate the magnitude of ESBL-E and CPE carriage among HIV-infected individuals. Methods: Accordingly, 152 urine, 29 stool, 8 blood, 105 vaginal exudates and 14 wound swab sample were collected from 204 HIV negative and 104 HIV positive patients attending the Regional Hospital of Bafoussam-Cameroon from September 2016 to June 2017. From these specimen, Enterobacteriaceae were isolated based on their morphological features, Gram staining and biochemical characteristics using API 20E galleries (Biomerieux, France). For each HIV infected patient, the CD4 lymphocytes were measured using cytometric technique. The antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test against 11 antibiotics from β-lactam class. ESBL and CP in suspected strains was confirmed by double disk synergy test and combination disk test.Results: The prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae infection among HIV positive patients was 46.15% versus 27.47% among HIV-negative ones (P=0.0014). Among HIV positive patients, urine (47.91%), vaginal exudates (31.25%) and blood (4.16%) specimens were mostly colonialized and Escherichia coli (37.5%) the predominant species. The rate of Enterobacteraceae infection according to CD4 count range was 20.83%, 37.5%, 35.42% and 6.25% respectively for patients with CD4 T lymphocyte range up to 500, ]300-500], ]100-300] and < 100 cells/mm3. The overall resistance rates were 27.72 and 34.66% respectively among isolates from HIV negative and positive patients. The prevalence of ESBL, AmpC and carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae infection was 16.34, 12.5, and 4.81% respectively among HIV infected patients versus 8.62, 8.65 and 0% among HIV uninfected patients (p = 0.0055). Conclusion: Our findings showed that HIV positive patients are significantly more affected by Enterobacteriaceae infection than negative ones and that the rate of these bacterial infection likely increases with decrease CD4 counts. The present study also indicates that HIV positive patients are more likely to be infected by highly resistant organisms and had the highest carriage rate of ESBL, AmpC and carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae compared to uninfected individuals in Western-Cameroon.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…reported among HIV-infected individuals from Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia [38]. The observed difference in the rates of Enterobacteriaceae isolated in stool sample could be attributed to differences in risk factors of the various populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Trends in Carriage of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase and Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteria Among HIV Infected Patients and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Western-Cameroon

Mabeku

Efon-Ekangouo

Mewa³

2020

Preprint

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“…Other evidence in the literature report Campylobacter to be the most common pathogen associated with diarrhea in PLWH as well [ 35 , 36 , 37 ], such as in a study conducted by Samie et al [ 38 ], in which Campylobacter was proved to be the most common pathogen associated with diarrhea in HIV-infected individuals with a percentage of 22.8%. Similar results were obtained in a study of 215 HIV patients in Ethiopia, where Campylobacter was confirmed to be the most common pathogen causing gastroenteritis (6.04%) [ 39 ], and in another study with a prevalence of 4.4% [ 40 ].…”

Section: Campylobacteriosissupporting

confidence: 84%

HIV and Mediterranean Zoonoses: A Review of the Literature

Russotto

Micali

Pellicanò

et al. 2022

Infectious Disease Reports

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A zoonosis is an infectious disease that has jumped from a non-human animal to humans. Some zoonoses are very common in the Mediterranean area and endemic in specific regions, so they represent an important problem for public health. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that has originated as a zoonosis and is now diffused globally, with the most significant numbers of infected people among the infectious diseases. Since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the history for people living with HIV (PLWH) has changed drastically, and many diseases are now no different in epidemiology and prognosis as they are in not-HIV-infected people. Still, the underlying inflammatory state that is correlated with HIV and other alterations related to the infection itself can be a risk factor when infected with other bacteria, parasites or viruses. We reviewed the literature for infection by the most common Mediterranean zoonoses, such as Campylobacter, Salmonella, Brucella, Rickettsia, Borrelia, Listeria and Echinococcus, and a possible correlation with HIV. We included Monkeypox, since the outbreak of cases is becoming a concern lately. We found that HIV may be related with alterations of the microbiome, as for campylobacteriosis, and that there are some zoonoses with a significant prevalence in PLWH, as for salmonellosis.

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“…The presence of Campylobacter in HIV patients with diarrhea was reported by Ayele1 et al in Ethiopia during 2019, in which Campylobacter, although being the most predominant enteric bacterial pathogen, had a low isolation rate of 4.4% (8/ 180), followed by Salmonella(2.8%, 5/180) and Shigella(1.1%, 2/ 180) (Ayele et al, 2020). Forson et al assessed the incidence of Campylobacter in HIV patients with gastroenteritis in Ghana between 2015 and 2016, and reported that 50.7% (71/140) were positive for Campylobacter; surprisingly all isolates were C. coli (Forson et al, 2020).…”

Section: Ethiopia and Ghanamentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The presence of Campylobacter in HIV patients with diarrhea was reported by Ayele1 et al. in Ethiopia during 2019, in which Campylobacter , although being the most predominant enteric bacterial pathogen, had a low isolation rate of 4.4% (8/180), followed by Salmonella (2.8%, 5/180) and Shigella (1.1%, 2/180) ( Ayele et al., 2020 ). Forson et al.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 81%

Global epidemiology of campylobacteriosis and the impact of COVID-19

Liu

Lee

Xue

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Campylobacteriosis is a gastroenteritis caused by pathogenic Campylobacter species and an important topic in public health. Here we review the global epidemiology of campylobacteriosis in the last eight years between 2014-2021, providing comprehensive and updated information on the reported incidence and outbreaks of Campylobacter infections. The government public health website of each of the 195 countries and publications from 2014 to September 2022 in public databases were searched. The reported incidence of campylobacteriosis in pre-COVID-19 years was compared to that during the COVID-19 pandemic in countries where data were available. Czech Republic had the highest reported incidence of campylobacteriosis worldwide (215 per 100,000 in 2019), followed by Australia (146.8 per 100,000 in 2016) and New Zealand (126.1 per 100,000 in 2019). Campylobacter was one of the most common human enteric pathogens in both developed and developing countries. About 90% of cases of campylobacteriosis were caused by Campylobacter jejuni, whereas less than 10% of cases were caused by Campylobacter coli. Other Campylobacter species were also isolated. The reported incidence and case numbers of campylobacteriosis in developed nations have remained steadily high prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, whilst some countries reported an increasing trend such as France and Japan. While outbreaks were more frequently reported in some countries, Campylobacter infections were mainly sporadic cases in most of the developed countries. Campylobacter infection was more common in summer in some but not all countries. Campylobacter infection was more common in males than females. The COVID-19 pandemic has reduced the reported incidence of campylobacteriosis in most countries where 2020 epidemiology data were available. In conclusion, Campylobacter infection remains a global health concern. Increased research and improved strategies are needed for prevention and reduction of Campylobacter infection.

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Prevalence of enteric bacteria and enteroparasites in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals with diarrhoea attending antiretroviral treatment clinic, Arba Minch General Hospital, southern Ethiopia

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Trends in Carriage of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase and Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteria Among HIV Infected Patients and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Western-Cameroon

Trends in Carriage of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase and Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteria Among HIV Infected Patients and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Western-Cameroon

HIV and Mediterranean Zoonoses: A Review of the Literature

Global epidemiology of campylobacteriosis and the impact of COVID-19

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