Prevalence of Enteric Adenovirus among Non-Rotavirus Diarrhea in Assam, Northeast India

Abstract

Introduction: Globally enteric adenovirus has become the second leading cause of viral diarrhea. Present investigation was undertaken to understand the adenoviral etiology of diarrhea among hospitalized children in Assam, northeast India. Materials and methods: Over a period of two years (2013-2015), 455 faecal samples were collected from hospitalized children aged <5 years with diarrhea from Assam, northeast India for screening of rotavirus antigen. A total of 238 samples were rotavirus antigen negative and are screened for adenovirus antigen by ELISA and followed by PCR. Results: Present investigation revealed enteric adenovirus infection in hospitalized children <5 years to be 10.9% (26/238). Prevalence was higher among infants (16.6%) and females (15.1%). Moreover, severe diarrhea (≥10 times) 14.9% (P=0.047) and restlessness 50% (P=0.002) is significantly higher in enteric adenovirus infected children. Enteric adenovirus infection was observed sporadically throughout the year; however infection was higher during warmer months (17%) than cooler months (7.3%) (P=0.0001). Adenovirus sequence analysis of the hexon gene showed adenovirus F type-41 to be the predominant serotype circulating in the study region. Analysis of the adenovirus fiber protein of the present study confirmed 15 amino acid deletions from the 15 th repeat motif of the shaft region. Conclusions: Present data demonstrated that enteric adenovirus could be considered an important viral etiological agent for acute gastroenteritis among children in northeast India along with other etiology.

Molecular and epidemiological trends of human bocavirus and adenovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in Bangladesh during 2015 to 2019

“…AdV5, AdV7, and AdV8 had also been reported from nearby countries of Bangladesh 1,36,37 . Our study found AdV41 was the most prevalent in children stool samples which is in agreement with previous studies of India, Thailand, and Iraq 38,39 …”

“…This finding was similar to the studies on AdV infection associated with acute gastroenteritis occurred predominantly in infants and young children worldwide. 31,33,[37][38][39][40] The most common signs and symptoms of infants and children infected with AdVs were diarrhea (93%), vomiting (57%), fever (50%), abdominal pain (42%) and dehydration (14.3%) which was in agreement with the previous reports of AdV-infected patients. 31 The study AdV strains had many substitution mutations at positions 20 to 40 and 105 to 145.…”

“…1,36,37 Our study found AdV41 was the most prevalent in children stool samples which is in agreement with previous studies of India, Thailand, and Iraq. 38,39 In this study, most of the infants and children with AdV infection (64%) were aged less than 24 months. This finding was similar to the studies on AdV infection associated with acute gastroenteritis occurred predominantly in infants and young children worldwide.…”

Genetic characterization and phylogenetic variations of human adenovirus‐F strains circulating in eastern India during 2017–2020

“…Scale bar, 0.05 nucleotide substitutions per site. 14,15,19,19,21,22 During this study 7.9%-10.1% % HAdV-F positivity was observed during 2017-20 with a cumulative prevalence of 9.04% (Figure S1).…”

“…14,15,[19][20][21][22] HAdV41 has been reported from Asian countries including India, though a higher prevalence of HAdV40 was reported from eastern India during 2013-2014. 14,21,23 Since then, circulation of both the genotypes has been observed in eastern India.…”