Prevalence of Enamel Defects in Permanent Teeth of Patients with Complete Cleft Lip and Palate

Abstract

Objective : To evaluate the prevalence, types, location, and characteristics of enamel defects in anterior permanent teeth of patients with complete unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate, as well as the relation with the cleft. Setting : Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Participants : Eighty patients of both genders, 12 years and older, with unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate. Methods : A single examiner carried out clinical examination under artificial light with a dental probe and mirror after drying teeth according to the modified DDE index. Results : Seventy-four of 80 patients presented with at least one tooth affected by enamel defects: 165 of 325 evaluated teeth (50.8%) presented enamel defects, with hypoplasia being the most prevalent (50.7%), followed by diffuse opacity (23.1%) and demarcated opacity (18.4%). The most affected tooth was 21 (36.5%), followed by 11 (34%), located at the middle (40%) and incisal (33%) thirds. Most defects occur at the buccal surface (47.7%), followed by the distal (22.7%), the mesial (19%), and the palatal (10.6%) surfaces. A significant relationship was found between the cleft side and enamel defects. Conclusion : Upper anterior teeth of patients with complete cleft lip and palate present a high prevalence of enamel defects; the highest percentage on the cleft side suggests that the cleft does influence the occurrence of enamel defects in permanent teeth.

Perinatal factors associated with developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth: a case-control study

“…The case group comprised 104 children with DDE and the control group was made up of 105 children without DDE, matched for gender and age. Children who did not cooperate during the exam and those with lip and/ or palate abnormalities 15 or systemic problems, such as asthma 16 and celiac disease, 17 which are associated with DDE, were excluded from the study.…”

Prevalence of Enamel Hypoplasia and Enamel Hypocalcification in a Group of Egyptian Children

“…Clefts, cases in the sample having cleft lip history shows different degrees of enamel hypoplasia and hypocalcification this was assured by certain study (52) that found that there was a significant relationship was found between the cleft side and enamel defects, the highest prevalence on the cleft side suggests that the cleft does influence the occurrence of enamel defects in permanent teeth, this were in agreement with other studies (35,53) and more recently (54) where enamel defects was more common in CL(P) children in both primary and permanent dentition.…”

Dental enamel defect diagnosis through different technology-based devices

“…No data are available on the success rate of the OM and fluorescence‐based devices as diagnostic methods for DEDs, so we assumed that the diagnosis rate of these methods would be similar to that of conventional visual examination. Considering a DED prevalence rate of 92% the minimum number of dental surfaces required to detect a difference of 5% with a level of significance of 5%, a test power of 80% and design effect, was 198.…”