Prevalence of Eimeria Species in Broilers with Subclinical Signs from Fifty Farms

Sun, Xiaoying; Pang, Wanyong; Jia, Tingting; Yan, Wenchao; He, Guang; Hao, Lili; Bentué, Marcos; Suo, Xun

doi:10.1637/8379-061708-resnote.1

Cited by 45 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Mixed infections were associated with small and medium farms and with ionophores. The same findings were observed in China, Shandong province, in small-scale farms where more than one Eimeria species existed in most of the samples [47]. Most likely, the mixed infections are more prevalent in small and medium farms due to poor management and biosecurity practises as high stocking densities, reduced time between successive grow-outs [26], microclimate and workers [22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Prevalence and distribution ofEimeriaspecies in broiler chicken farms of different capacities

2013

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We conducted a survey in broiler farms from Romania to establish prevalence and distribution of Eimeria species using single PCR assay. We found Eimeria spp. in 21 (91%) out of 23 flocks, and in 11 (92%) out of 12 farms. Four species of Eimeria were identified: E. acervulina (21/23; 91%), E. tenella (14/23; 61%), E. maxima (5/23; 22%) and E. praecox (3/23; 13%). Infection with a single species (E. acervulina) was detected in 6 (26%) infected flocks originated from large farms. Mixed infections were found in 15 (65%) flocks and the most prevalent combination was E. acervulina + E. tenella (8/23; 35%). Four flocks (17%) harboured mixed infection with E. acervulina + E. tenella + E. maxima. E. acervulina was significantly more prevalent in flocks that received ionophores as anticoccidial feed additives.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Prevalence and distribution ofEimeriaspecies in broiler chicken farms of different capacities

2013

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“…Discrimination of Eimeria species using this technique has sort of limitations to be used as a single tool for diagnosis, meaning that results obtained with this method should be carefully interpreted [ 25 , 26 ]. This is because the measurements of the oocysts may undergo variations due to changes in metabolism of the parasites or birds and even in the value of the shape morphometric indices of the oocysts that may overlap leading to misleading conclusions regarding the species [ 27 ]. Despite the limitations of morphometric techniques, there are some reports that indicated that oocyst morphometry could also be a sensitive method for the discrimination of Eimeria species of poultry in field trials as it shows high degree of agreement with the molecular methods [ 28 – 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric Identification, Gross and Histopathological Lesions of Eimeria Species in Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in Zaria, Nigeria

Umar

Lawal

Okubanjo

et al. 2014

Journal of Veterinary Medicine

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The objective of the study was to identify the species, gross and histopathological lesions of Eimeria in Japanese quails in Zaria. A total of 400 fresh faecal samples were collected and 10 quail birds were purchased from a quail farm. The faecal samples were processed using simple floatation technique. Oocysts shape indices of sporulated oocysts were determined. The intestines were observed for gross lesions and segments were analyzed using Giemsa stain and Haematoxylin and Eosin stain and then observed microscopically for the developmental stages of the parasite. Four species of Eimeria were identified in the study. Eimeria bateri of shape index of 1.36 conformed to the guidelines used while the other three Eimeria species with shape indices of 1.48, 1.03, and 1.40 were not confirmed. The main gross lesion seen was nonhaemorrhagic ballooning of the caeca. Intestinal scrapping smear revealed a developmental stage of the parasite (merozoites) in the jejunum. Histopathology also revealed a developmental stage (schizont) of the parasite in the caecum and desquamation of the epithelial lining with areas of necrosis. Further study is required using molecular techniques to properly identify the unknown species of Eimeria that were detected in the study.

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“…PCR assays developed by Fornace and colleagues [ 5 ], and Godwin and Morgan [ 15 ] have attempted to address this deficit, although the latter requires equipment that is not currently widely available in many laboratories. Effective detection of circulating Eimeria species is important for proper diagnosis and disease control, and can inform the selection of appropriate anticoccidial drugs and vaccines [ 16 , 17 ]. All seven of the recognised Eimeria species have been detected previously in Nigeria [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three operational taxonomic units of Eimeria are common in Nigerian chickens and may undermine effective molecular diagnosis of coccidiosis

et al. 2016

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BackgroundChicken is fast becoming the world’s most consumed meat. As a consequence poultry health is more important now than ever before, with pathogens of chickens recognised as serious threats to food security. One such threat are Eimeria species parasites, protozoa which can cause the disease coccidiosis. Eimeria can compromise economic poultry production and chicken welfare, and have serious consequences for poor livestock keepers. Seven Eimeria species that infect chickens are recognised with a global enzootic distribution. More recently three cryptic Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUx, y and z) have been described in populations of Eimeria recovered from chickens in Australia. Two of the three OTUs have also been detected in sub-Saharan Africa, but their occurrence, pathology and the risk they pose is largely unknown.ResultsNigeria has witnessed a dramatic expansion in poultry production and is now the largest poultry producer in Africa. Here, faecal samples collected from nine of 12 commercial chicken farms sampled in Kaduna state, Nigeria, were found to contain eimerian oocysts. After amplification by in vivo propagation all three cryptic OTU genotypes were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), including OTUy for the first time outside of Australia. Comparison with a widely used, established Eimeria species-specific PCR assay revealed failure to detect the OTU genotypes.ConclusionsAll three of the Eimeria OTU genotypes appear to be common in north-western Nigeria. The failure of a leading species-specific molecular assay to detect these genotypes indicates a risk of false negative Eimeria diagnosis when using molecular tools and suggests that the spatial occurrence of each OTU may be far wider than has been recognised. The risk posed by these novel genotypes is unknown, but it is clear that a better understanding of Eimeria occurrence is required together with the validation of effective diagnostics.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0713-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Prevalence of Eimeria Species in Broilers with Subclinical Signs from Fifty Farms

Cited by 45 publications

References 22 publications

Prevalence and distribution ofEimeriaspecies in broiler chicken farms of different capacities

Prevalence and distribution ofEimeriaspecies in broiler chicken farms of different capacities

Morphometric Identification, Gross and Histopathological Lesions of Eimeria Species in Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in Zaria, Nigeria

Three operational taxonomic units of Eimeria are common in Nigerian chickens and may undermine effective molecular diagnosis of coccidiosis

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