Prevalence of Early and Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration in India: The INDEYE Study

Krishnan, Tiruvengada; Ravindran, Ravilla D.; Vashist, Praveen; Fitzpatrick, Kathryn; Thulasiraj, R. D.; John, Nitin Ashok; Maraini, G; Camparini, Monica; Chakravarthy, Usha; Fletcher, Astrid

doi:10.1167/iovs.09-4114

Cited by 65 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In this study exudative AMD comprised 63% and dry AMD 37% of all symptomatic AMD cases. This is in good agreement with the prevalence studies indicating that exudative AMD accounts 50–83% of late AMD cases depending on population [11, 20-22]. The population-based annual incidence of late dry AMD in this study was 0.11% (95% CI, 0.09-0.14%) in the age group 60 years and older, and it can be estimated to increase to 0.12% (95% CI, 0.09-0.14%) in 2020 and to 0.13% (95% CI, 0.11-0.16%) in 2030 in Central Finland.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Population-Based Age Group Specific Annual Incidence Rates of Symptomatic Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Saari¹

2014

TOOPHTJ

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Purpose To study the population-based annual incidence rates of exudative, dry and all cases of symptomatic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in different age and sex groups.Methods. This is a one year, prospective, population-based study on all consecutive new patients with AMD in the hospital district of Central Finland. The diagnosis was confirmed in all patients with slit lamp biomicroscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT) using a Spectralis HRA + OCT device, and the Heidelberg Eye Explorer 1.6.2.0 program. Fluorescein angiograms were taken when needed.Results. The population-based annual incidence rates of all cases of symptomatic AMD increased from 0.03% (95% CI, 0.01-0.05%) in the age group 50-59 years to 0.82% (95% CI, 0.55-1.09%) in the age group 85-89 years and were 0.2% (95% CI, 0.17-0.24%) in exudative, 0.11% (95% CI, 0.09-0.14%) in dry, and 0.32% (95% CI, 0.28-0.36%) in all cases of AMD in the age group 60 years and older. During the next 20 years in Central Finland the population-based annual incidence rates can be estimated to increase to 0.27% (95% CI, 0.24-0.30%) in exudative, to 0.13% (95% CI, 0.11-0.15%) in dry, and to 0.41% (95% CI, 0.37-0.45%) in all cases of AMD in the age group 60 years and older. The population-based annual incidence of AMD did not show statistically significant differences between males and females (p>0.1).Conclusion: The population-based age-group specific annual incidence rates of symptomatic AMD of this study may help to plan health care provision for patients of AMD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Population-Based Age Group Specific Annual Incidence Rates of Symptomatic Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Saari¹

2014

TOOPHTJ

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“…4 INDEYE study have reported the prevalence of wet AMD in India to be 1.2%. 1 This prevalence is low as compared with the western populations. 5,6 Previous studies have shown that high intake of dietary carotenoids and high plasma levels of carotenoids are related to the reduced risk of AMD in many population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…1,2 It has been estimated that 8 million people will be affected with AMD worldwide by the year 2020. 3 In India, the population Z60 years is expected to increase by 2.5-fold in 30 years (projected from 71 million in 2001 to 177.5 million in 2031).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macular pigment optical density in wet age-related macular degeneration among Indians

Raman

Biswas

Vaitheeswaran³

et al. 2012

Eye

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Purpose To estimate the value of macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in adult south Indian population with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods A total of 33 patients with wet AMD and 29 age-matched controls 450 years of age underwent MPOD measurement with the macular densitometer. The patients were also tested for their dietary intake of carotenoids, smoking history, and lifetime UV exposure. Results The mean MPOD values in the Indian population with wet AMD was 0.23 (95% CI: 0.18-0.29) vs control was 0.43 (95% CI: 0.37-0.49), Po0.0001, at 0.51 eccentricity. Ex-smokers had a lower MPOD than nonsmokers (0.16 (0.09-0.23) vs 0.28 (0.22-0.34), P ¼ 0.026) and the lowest level of carotenoids intake had 48% lower MPOD than the highest level (0.14 (0.08-0.21) vs 0.33 (0.24-0.43), P ¼ 0.012). There was no significant age-related decline or gender variation in MPOD. Conclusion This study establishes the MPOD in adult Indian population with wet AMD, with a lack of macular pigment in association with wet AMD.

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“…An initial Indian study estimated the prevalence as higher in Northern India (4.7%) than in Southern India (2.7% early to 0.6% late AMD). However, the findings of the recent INDEYE study estimated the prevalence of early AMD (Grade 1 and 2) as similar to that observed in Western populations but Grade 3 appeared to be lower (35). The INDEYE study reported data from both the northern and southern India taking 7,518 subjects aged 60 y and above.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Regional Variation in the Levels of Macular Xanthophylls and Carotenoids in Dietary Components: Comparing North and South India

Velpandian

Arora

Senthilkumari

et al. 2010

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Multiple epidemiological studies have emphasized the intake of dark green leafy vegetables rich in xanthophylls in reducing the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Therefore, the present study was undertaken to quantify the levels of major carotenoids in commonly consumed fruits and vegetables of Indian origin and of xanthophylls in the macula of Indian human donor eyes. Fresh fruits ( n ϭ 20) and vegetables ( n ϭ 51) collected from two zones of India were tested for the estimation of xanthophyll, lycopene and ␤ -carotene by using HPLC with Photodiode Array Detection. Lutein and zeaxanthin were quantified from macula and in selected vegetables collected from both southern (SI) and northern (NI) regions of India. Xanthophylls, ␤ -carotene and lycopene were found in many affordable vegetables commonly available for consumption in India. Higher content of lutein and zeaxanthin was confirmed in many economical leafy vegetables and fruits. Surprisingly, the mean macular levels of lutein and zeaxanthin of SI donor eyes ( n ϭ 13) were found to be significantly ( p Ͻ 0.001) four times less than in NI donor eyes ( n ϭ 15) and the macular levels of Northern India were comparable with reported levels in western populations. The present study showed considerable levels of xanthophylls in many of the commonly consumed fruit and vegetable sources in both parts of India. However, SI donor eyes showed lower levels as compared to NI donors and this warrants further investigation about the bioavailability of xanthophylls in their blood and food intake. The relevance of these findings with prevalence of AMD in South India needs to be explored.

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Prevalence of Early and Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration in India: The INDEYE Study

Cited by 65 publications

References 26 publications

Population-Based Age Group Specific Annual Incidence Rates of Symptomatic Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Population-Based Age Group Specific Annual Incidence Rates of Symptomatic Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Macular pigment optical density in wet age-related macular degeneration among Indians

Regional Variation in the Levels of Macular Xanthophylls and Carotenoids in Dietary Components: Comparing North and South India

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