Prevalence of dysglycemia in Calabar: a cross-sectional observational study among residents of Calabar, Nigeria

Enang, Ofem; Otu, Akaninyene; Essien, Okon; Okpara, Henry Chima; Fasanmade, O.A; Ohwovoriole, A.E; Searle, Jeffrey

doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2014-000032

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…There was no significant sex difference observed in prevalence of diabetes mellitus and IFG in this study. This is consistent with reports in different countries, like Angola [36], Nigeria [21, 22], South Africa [27], Botswana [37], China [26] and the 3 rd NHANES, in USA [35]. In general, even though, some gender differences have been observed in some communities across the globe, the variation might be attributed for prevalence of different factors in different populations [29, 35, 38].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Prevalence and factors associated with diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose level among members of federal police commission residing in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Tesfaye

Shikur

Shimels³

et al. 2016

BMC Endocr Disord

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BackgroundThe prevalence of diabetes mellitus and factors associated with it, nowadays, are increasing in alarming rates among different occupational groups. Of these occupational groups are Police officers that, often, are exposed to unique life styles and stressful situations which may lead to diabetes mellitus and other cardiovascular diseases. Due to this reason, the present study was conducted to assess the prevalence and factors associated with diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose level among members of federal police commission residing in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study design was conducted from April to May 2015. Multistage and systematic random sampling techniques were employed to select the study participants. The study population was federal police commission members living in Addis Ababa and served for at least a year. The data were collected using structured questionnaire, physical examinations and blood samples, based on the WHO stepwise approach. Data were entered in to SPSS version 20.0 and descriptive statistics and logistics regression were used for analysis.ResultsOut of the 1003 eligible subjects, 936 (93.3%) police officers have participated in this study. The prevalence of overall impaired glucose homeostasis (IGH) was 120 (13%) of which 47 (5%) were diabetes and 73 (8%) were impaired fasting glucose. Whereas police rank, history of first degree relative who suffered from diabetes, hypertension and waist hip ratio showed a statistical significance with prevalence of diabetes mellitus, age, family history, hypertension, BMI and waist hip ratio were found to be associated with impaired fasting glucose.ConclusionThe study identified a high prevalence of IGH among the police officers. A priority should be given on preventive strategies of diabetes mellitus, as that of communicable diseases, by Federal Police Commission Health Service Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health and other concerned partners.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…However, it is evident that many cross sectional [21, 22, 26, 27] and cohort studies [28–32] have documented lack of physical activity as an established factor for having diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, people who were engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity were found to be at a lower risk [12, 33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and factors associated with diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose level among members of federal police commission residing in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Tesfaye

Shikur

Shimels³

et al. 2016

BMC Endocr Disord

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“…Participants were recruited between 1/09/2013 and 31/05/2014 from new and existing type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients attending the endocrinology clinic at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), located in Cross River State, Nigeria. Within Calabar city the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes is estimated at 7% [20], while the national prevalence of diabetes within Nigeria is tentatively estimated at around 5% [1]. Due to a delay in the release of funds by the organisations that supported this research, there was a delay between trial registration and commencement of recruitment of participants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensive Patient Education Improves Glycaemic Control in Diabetes Compared to Conventional Education: A Randomised Controlled Trial in a Nigerian Tertiary Care Hospital

et al. 2017

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BackgroundDiabetes is now a global epidemic, but most cases are now in low- and middle-income countries. Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is key to enabling patients to manage their chronic condition and can reduce the occurrence of costly and devastating complications. However, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of different DSME programmes in resource limited settings.MethodsWe conducted an unblinded, parallel-group, individually-randomised controlled trial at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (Nigeria) to evaluate whether an intensive and systematic DSME programme, using structured guidelines, improved glycaemic control compared to the existing ad hoc patient education (clinical practice was unchanged). Eligible patients (≥18 years, HbA1c > 8.5% and physically able to participate) were randomly allocated by permuted block randomisation to participate for six months in either an intensive or conventional education group. The primary outcome was HbA1c (%) at six-months.ResultsWe randomised 59 participants to each group and obtained six-month HbA1c outcomes from 53 and 51 participants in the intensive and conventional education groups, respectively. Intensive group participants had a mean six-month HbA1c (%) of 8.4 (95% CI: 8 to 8.9), while participants in the conventional education group had a mean six-month HbA1c (%) of 10.2 (95% CI: 9.8 to 10.7). The difference was statistically (P < 0.0001) and clinically significant, with intensive group participants having HbA1c outcomes on average -1.8 (95% CI: -2.4 to -1.2) percentage points lower than conventional group participants. Results were robust to adjustment for a range of covariates and multiple imputation of missing outcome data.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the effectiveness of a structured, guideline-based DSME intervention in a LMIC setting versus a pragmatic comparator. The intervention is potentially replicable at other levels of the Nigerian healthcare system and in other LMICs, where nurses/diabetes educators can run the programme.Trial RegistrationPan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR20130200047835

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“…An earlier study in Nigeria, had noted that diabetes was more prevalent in urban areas relative to rural areas [15]. Indeed, prevalence values as high as 11.0% and 6.5% have been reported in Lagos and Calabar, respectively [15,16], two commercial port cities in Nigeria. This appears to buttress the contributions of lifestyle modifications which accompany an urban environment to the pathogenesis of diabetes and indeed all chronic diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Double Jeopardy: Preponderance of Impaired Glucose Homeostasis and Overweight/Obesity Among Adult Females in Ikwo, Ebonyi State

Ejike¹,

Onyeji²,

Odoh³

et al. 2019

J Obes Chronic Dis

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The nutrition transition being faced by most economically developing countries has resulted in changes in chronic diseases patterns in such countries, yet such diseases are rarely studied in rural areas, where the majority of the population live. The prevalence of diabetes/impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and overweight/obesity was therefore studied in a population of adults in Ikwo LGA, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Standard internationally accepted methods were used for this cross-sectional population study. A total of 720 subjects (53.1% females) were recruited and studied. Diabetes was found in 4.0% of the subjects (3.0% for males and 5.0% for females) while 7.1% of the population (6.5% for males and 7.6% for females) had IFG. About 20% of the entire population (and a quarter of the females) were overweight/obese yet, 11.7% of them (10.7% males, 12.6% females) were underweight. The modal age range for those who were diabetic or overweight/obese was 26-40 years irrespective of sex. Blood glucose concentration was found to be significantly correlated only with BMI (r = +0.116; P < 0.01). The preponderance of both diabetes/IFG and overweight/obesity in women as seen in this study is indeed a double jeopardy, requiring urgent interventions.

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Prevalence of dysglycemia in Calabar: a cross-sectional observational study among residents of Calabar, Nigeria

Cited by 25 publications

References 33 publications

Prevalence and factors associated with diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose level among members of federal police commission residing in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Prevalence and factors associated with diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose level among members of federal police commission residing in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Intensive Patient Education Improves Glycaemic Control in Diabetes Compared to Conventional Education: A Randomised Controlled Trial in a Nigerian Tertiary Care Hospital

Double Jeopardy: Preponderance of Impaired Glucose Homeostasis and Overweight/Obesity Among Adult Females in Ikwo, Ebonyi State

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