Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease Among US Men

Schaumberg, Debra A.; Dana, Reza; Buring, Julie E.; Sullivan, David A.

doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.103

Cited by 481 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Such findings confirmed the complexity of DED and how the disease is multifactorial, depending on the dry eye subtypes, symptom questionnaire used and population studied [53]. Additionally, there are age-and gender-related, cultural, and ethnic influences on symptoms [54,55]. We noted that CES was correlated with TMH and inversely correlated with FBUT which is in agreement with reports from Tung et al [56] and Nichols et al [51], respectively.…”

Section: Correlation Between T4 Metrics and Signs And Symptoms For Drsupporting

confidence: 91%

Diagnostic Ability of Conventional Dry Eye Tests and their Correlation with Ocular Surface Temperature

Tan¹,

Morgan²

2016

J Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Objective: To study the diagnostic ability of conventional dry eye tests and their correlation with ocular surface temperature (OST) and derive the best combined objective tests for dry eye. Methods:This was a single visit study included a few conventional dry eye tests on 62 dry eye and 82 control subjects: symptom evaluation, fluorescein break-up time (FBUT), corneal epithelial staining (CES), non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT) and tear meniscus height (TMH). OST was recorded using NEC TH9260 thermo tracer and six temperature metrics of the extreme nasal conjunctiva was studied including the temperature 10 seconds after eye opening (T4-10). Diagnostic ability was assessed by calculating sensitivity and specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC). Results:No correlation (Pearson's coefficient, -0.203 to 0.209; p>0.05) was found between Mscore, Scount, FBUT and CES with any of the temperature metrics. However, CES correlated significantly with TMH (r=0.276; p=0.030) and inversely correlated significantly with FBUT (r=-0.258; p=0.043). Values of Mscore at 8 were found to give sensitivity of 87.1% (95% CI: 76.2 to 94.3%) and specificity of 92.7% (84.8 to 97.3%). Values of Scount at 1 were found to give sensitivity of 93.6% (84.3 to 98.2%) and specificity of 65.9% (54.6 to 76.0%). Values of FBUT at 2 s were found to give sensitivity of 58.1% (44.9 to 70.5%) and specificity of 87.8% (78.7 to 94.0%). Values of CES at grade 2 were found to give sensitivity of 71% (58.1 to 81.8%) and specificity of 59.8% (48.3 to 70.4%). Combining CES with T4-10 (series) had increased the AUC to 78% with sensitivity and specificity of 92.3% and 42.7% respectively. Conclusion:This work validated the ability of Mscore, Scount, FBUT and CES in diagnosing dry eye and further confirmed the discordance between its signs and symptoms. Combining CES with T4-10 (series) can be future objective tests for dry eye.

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Section: Correlation Between T4 Metrics and Signs And Symptoms For Drsupporting

confidence: 91%

Diagnostic Ability of Conventional Dry Eye Tests and their Correlation with Ocular Surface Temperature

Tan¹,

Morgan²

2016

J Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…Androgen deficiency is a significant risk for the development of MGD and evaporative DED [1, 5, 7, 61-66], and is the key biomarker for DED [67]. We found that androgen deficiency in humans is associated with an increase in lid keratinization and the number of occluded and metaplastic meibomian gland orifices; reduced meibum quality; altered meibum lipid patterns; a decreased tear film breakup time; enhanced corneal fluorescein and conjunctival rose bengal staining; and increased DED symptoms [62-65, 68, 69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Primary and Secondary Sjögren Syndrome

et al. 2018

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Purpose: We hypothesized that women with primary (pSS) and secondary Sjögren syndrome (sSS; with systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] or rheumatoid arthritis [RA]) have meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). We sought to test our hypothesis. Methods: Subjects with pSS, sSS + SLE, sSS + RA, and non-SS-related MGD were recruited from the Sjögren’s Syndrome Foundation or outpatient clinics at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine or Brigham and Women’s Hospital. The control population was recruited from the Greater Boston area. After providing written informed consent, the subjects underwent an eye examination and/or completed two questionnaires that assess symptoms of dry eye disease (DED). Results: Our results demonstrate that pSS and sSS patients have MGD. These subjects had meibomian gland orifice metaplasia, an increased number of occluded meibomian gland orifices, and a reduced quality of meibomian gland secretions. Further, patients with pSS, sSS + SLE, sSS + RA, and MGD had significant alterations in their tear film, lid margin, cornea, and conjunctiva. Symptoms of DED were increased ∼10-fold in all pSS, sSS, and MGD groups relative to controls. Conclusions: Our findings support our hypothesis and show that individuals with pSS, sSS + SLE, and sSS + RA have MGD. In addition, our study indicates that patients with pSS and sSS have both aqueous-deficient and evaporative DED.

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“…Control mice were maintained in a non-stressed (NS) environment containing 50–75% relative humidity without exposure to forced air. Since dry eye is more prevalent in women and male mice do not respond well to desiccation, only female mice were used (Gao et al, 2015; Schaumberg et al, 2003, 2009). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced intraepithelial corneal nerve density and sensitivity accompany desiccating stress and aging in C57BL/6 mice

Stepp

Pal‐Ghosh

Tadvalkar

et al. 2018

Experimental Eye Research

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Dry Eye disease causes discomfort and pain in millions of patients. Using a mouse acute desiccating stress (DS) model we show that DS induces a reduction in intraepithelial corneal nerve (ICN) density, corneal sensitivity, and apical extension of the intraepithelial nerve terminals (INTs) that branch from the subbasal nerves (SBNs). Topical application of 0.02% Mitomycin C (MMC) or vehicle alone has no impact on the overall loss of axon density due to acute DS. Chronic dry eye, which develops progressively as C57BL/6 mice age, is accompanied by significant loss of the ICNs and corneal sensitivity between 2 and 24 months of age. QPCR studies show that mRNAs for several proteins that regulate axon growth and extension are reduced in corneal epithelial cells by 24 months of age but those that regulate phagocytosis and autophagy are not altered. Taken together, these data demonstrate that dry eye disease is accompanied by alterations in intraepithelial sensory nerve morphology and function and by reduced expression in corneal epithelial cells of mRNAs encoding genes mediating axon extension.

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Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease Among US Men

Cited by 481 publications

References 42 publications

Diagnostic Ability of Conventional Dry Eye Tests and their Correlation with Ocular Surface Temperature

Diagnostic Ability of Conventional Dry Eye Tests and their Correlation with Ocular Surface Temperature

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Primary and Secondary Sjögren Syndrome

Reduced intraepithelial corneal nerve density and sensitivity accompany desiccating stress and aging in C57BL/6 mice

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