Prevalence of double-stranded RNA virus in Trichomonas vaginalis isolated in Italy and association with the symbiont Mycoplasma hominis

Margarita, Valentina; Marongiu, Alessandra; Diaz, Nicia; Dessì, Daniele; Fiori, Pier Luigi; Rappelli, Paola

doi:10.1007/s00436-019-06469-6

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Rivera et al [ 46 ] reported that TVV1 and TVV2 are the major TVV subspecies in the Philipines. However, Margarita et al [ 47 ] reported that TVV2 was the dominant subspecies in Italian trichomoniasis, followed by TVV1, TVV3 and TVV4. Previous studies showed that T. vaginalis can be co-infected with more than one TVV subspecies, and these dsRNA viruses are transmitted vertically during T. vaginalis binary fission [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Endosymbiotic Virus in Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Trichomonas vaginalis

Ong

Cheng

et al. 2022

Genes

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Accumulated evidence suggests that the endosymbiotic Trichomonasvirus (TVV) may play a role in the pathogenesis and drug susceptibility of Trichomonas vaginalis. Several reports have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from TVV-positive (TVV+) trichomonads can modulate the immune response in human vaginal epithelial cells and animal models. These results prompted us to examine whether EVs released from TVV+ isolates contained TVV. We isolated small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from six T. vaginalis isolates that were either TVV free (ATCC 50143), harbored a single (ATCC 30236, ATCC 30238, T1), two (ATCC PRA-98), or three TVV subspecies (ATCC 50148). The presence of TVV subspecies in the six isolates was observed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the presence of cup-shaped sEVs with a size range from 30–150 nm. Trichomonas vaginalis tetraspanin (TvTSP1; TVAG_019180), the classical exosome marker, was identified in all the sEV preparations. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed that all the sEVs isolated from TVV+ isolates contain viral capsid proteins derived from the same TVV subspecies in that isolate as demonstrated by RT-PCR. To provide more comprehensive information on the TVV subspecies population in other T. vaginalis isolates, we investigated the distribution of TVV subspecies in twenty-four isolates by mining the New-Generation Sequencing (NGS) RNAseq datasets. Our results should be beneficial for future studies investigating the role of TVV on the pathogenicity of T. vaginalis and the possible transmission of virus subspecies among different isolates via sEVs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Endosymbiotic Virus in Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Trichomonas vaginalis

Ong

Cheng

et al. 2022

Genes

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“…In fact, T.vaginalis can harbor up to four species of dsRNA viruses named Trichomonas vaginalis virus (TVV1, TVV2, TVV3, and TVV4), which have infection rates in protozoan isolates ranging from 40 to 100% (Fichorova et al, 2017). In a recent article, we showed that 51.28% of T.vaginalis isolates harboring M.hominis were infected by at least one type of TVV (Margarita et al, 2019). Interestingly, the presence of TVV can enhance (over 30-fold) the inflammatory reaction to T.vaginalis in vitro (Fichorova et al, 2013).…”

Section: Trichomonas Vaginalis and Its Symbionts: A Microbial Cooperamentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Symbiosis Between Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis on Vaginal Dysbiosis: A Mini Review

Margarita

Fiori

Rappelli

2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The protozoon Trichomonas vaginalis is responsible for trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted infection associated with an increased risk of HIV infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The protozoon has the surprising ability to establish a symbiotic relationship with other microorganisms. In fact, most T.vaginalis isolates intracellularly host the vaginal bacterium Mycoplasma hominis and can harbor up to four dsRNA viruses. Moreover, a novel Mycoplasma species named Ca. Mycoplasma girerdii has been recently described as associated with trichomonad cells. Trichomonas vaginalis colonizes the human vagina and its presence causes profound alterations of the resident microbiota, leading to dysbiosis. In healthy women, vaginal microbiota is characterized by the presence of a complex population of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms living in a physiologically dynamic system dominated by bacteria of the genera Lactobacillus. The most common microbial vaginal imbalance is bacterial vaginosis, a polymicrobial disease associated with several adverse reproductive outcomes and increased risk of HIV infection. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the interactions between both T.vaginalis and M.hominis and the vaginal microbiota, and we discuss the possibility of a cooperation between T.vaginalis and its symbionts in the development of vaginal dysbiosis.

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“…Genetic investigations can shed light on drug resistance, pathobiology, etiology and other features of epidemiology for T. vaginalis and the identification of critical genes (31). Various techniques have been used to identify and detect T. vaginalis including monoclonal antibody binding (32), antigenic characterization (33), PCR, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) (34), restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), Nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested PCR), and real-time PCR (35). The abovementioned techniques have been described as more sensitive compared to direct and culture methods (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Trichomonas Vaginalis Genotypes Using by Actin Gene and Molecular Based Methods in Southwest of Iran

et al. 2021

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Background:Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) is a sexually transmitted protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis. The genetic characterization of T. vaginalis isolates shows notable genetic variation in this parasite. In the present study, we aimed to identify the T. vaginalis genotypes based on analyzing of actin gene in women specimens referred to health centers of Ilam city, southwest Iran. Methods: A total of 1765 female samples were collected from gynecology clinics in the city of Ilam. DNA was extracted from positive samples and nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested PCR) was used to amplify the actin gene. Then, partial sequencing and genotyping of the actin gene was performed. A phylogenetic tree was drawn using the detected genotypes of T. vaginalis and reference sequences. Results: Twenty-one of the 1765 urine and vaginal samples were positive for T. vaginalis. All infected individuals were married and their age in years was between 25 to 34. Further, the majority of infected women had cervical lesions, patchy erythema, and white color discharge. According to sequencing analysis, the isolates were identified as genotype G (n= 8) and genotype E (n= 2). Conclusions: From the collected samples, we were able to distinguish at least two genotypes (G and E) of T. vaginalis. However, lesser is known about these genotypes in the city of Ilam. Further studies with a higher number of isolates should be performed in order to understand the implications of these results in this region.

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Prevalence of double-stranded RNA virus in Trichomonas vaginalis isolated in Italy and association with the symbiont Mycoplasma hominis

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Identification of Endosymbiotic Virus in Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Trichomonas vaginalis

Identification of Endosymbiotic Virus in Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Trichomonas vaginalis

Impact of Symbiosis Between Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis on Vaginal Dysbiosis: A Mini Review

Identification of Trichomonas Vaginalis Genotypes Using by Actin Gene and Molecular Based Methods in Southwest of Iran

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