Prevalence of Disseminated Cryptococcosis among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients in Benin City, Nigeria

Joseph, Gabriel; Ogbaini-Emovon, Ephraim; Okwara, Benson Uchechukwu; Onunu, A N; Kubeyinje, E. P.

doi:10.9734/bjmmr/2015/14576

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The results of the present research showed a higher prevalence of cryptococcal meningitis in Nigeria because the conventional fungal culture of CSF samples was used as the gold standard for the diagnosis of cerebrospinal meningitis. Furthermore, other studies, which were performed in Nigeria that used CrAg to test HIV patients regardless of gender and CD4+ T-cell count, obtained the prevalence rates of 5.1% and 9.8% in Calabar and Benin City, respectively [ 17 , 19 ]. The number of screened participants and the sample selection criteria in the mentioned studies contributed to the reported prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cryptococcal antigen among HIV1-infected individuals in north-central Nigeria

Ezenabike

Ashaka

Omoare

et al. 2020

CMM

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Background and Purpose: The potential for the invasion of the central nervous system by Cryptococcus species is underscored by the presence of this organism in the blood of immunocompromised individuals. Early adoption of sensitive methods for the diagnosis of Cryptococcus species will reduce the high morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Regarding this, the aim of the present research was to detect cryptococcal antigen among HIV1- infected individuals in north-central Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on HIV-1 infected individuals accessing care at three health facilities in north-central Nigeria between November 2014 and March 2017. For the purpose of the study, blood samples were collected from 300 HIV1-infected individuals within the age group of 3-65 years. The CD4+ T-cell count was determined, and the samples were analyzed for cryptococcal antigenemia using the methods of lateral flow assay (LFA) and culture technique. Results: Cryptococcus antigen was detected in 19.67% (59/300) of the patients, and only 25.4% (15/59) of the LFA-positive samples showed Cryptococcus species growth on Sabouraud dextrose agar after 3 days. Furthermore, fungal growth was observed in one of the specimens, which was LFA negative. Additionally, 30 of the 59 LFA-positive patients had cryptococcal antigen in their serum with a CD4+ T-cell count of < 150 cells/mm3. Conclusion: As the findings of the present study indicated, infection with Cryptococcus species is a problem among HIV-infected patients in the region under study. Therefore, all HIV patients, especially those with a CD4+ T-cell count of < 150 cells/mm3, referring to the HAART clinics in Nigeria, should be screened for cryptococcal antigen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Joseph et al . [ 17 ] reported a prevalence of 13.5% among the participants with a CD4+ T-cell count of < 100 cells/mm 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptococcal antigen among HIV1-infected individuals in north-central Nigeria

Ezenabike

Ashaka

Omoare

et al. 2020

CMM

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“…The authors demonstrated that pulmonary cryptococcosis was a major pulmonary marker in HIV patients showing signs of systemic pneumonia. 72 A cross-sectional study by Joseph and co-workers 73 The authors were of the opinion that cryptococcosis may not be a contender in differential diagnosis in HIV-infected children presenting pneumonia and or meningoencephalitis. 72 Osazuwa et al 75 carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study to ascertain the seroprevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia and its relationship with City.…”

Section: Cryptococcus and Cryptococcosis In Malimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors demonstrated that pulmonary cryptococcosis was a major pulmonary marker in HIV patients showing signs of systemic pneumonia 72 . A cross‐sectional study by Joseph and co‐workers 73 evaluated the prevalence of disseminated cryptococcosis in HIV‐positive patients. The mean age of the study population was 40.08 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A prevalence of 9.8% was recorded among 500 HIV‐positive patients tested for Cryptococcus infection. Authors suggested the need to routinely screen HIV patients for Cryptococcus infection if they are already taking ART 73 . Anigilaje and co‐workers 74 could not find any case of cryptococcal antigenaemia in a cohort of HIV‐positive children undergoing antiretroviral therapy in Markurdi, north central Nigeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of Cryptococcus and cryptococcosis in Western Africa

Akaihe

Nweze

2020

Mycoses

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Cryptococcosis is a fungal disease commonly prevalent in immunocompromised individuals causing opportunistic infections. Its main aetiologic agents are Cryptococcus neoformans and C gattii species complex. An individual can get infected with the pathogen by inhaling fungal cells. Once inhaled by an immunocompetent individual, it can cause a latent infection, remain asymptomatic and self-limiting. However, in immunocompromised patients, it can cause pneumonia and even spread to the central nervous system where it can cause meningitis which maybe fatal if appropriate treatment is not given. A one-year mortality rate of about 70% has been reported for cryptococcal meningitis (CM) in low-income countries. 1 A recent estimate of CM in West Africa showed that there were 160 000 cases, with

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Prevalence of Disseminated Cryptococcosis among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients in Benin City, Nigeria

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

Cryptococcal antigen among HIV1-infected individuals in north-central Nigeria

Cryptococcal antigen among HIV1-infected individuals in north-central Nigeria

Epidemiology of Cryptococcus and cryptococcosis in Western Africa

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