Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in outdoor dogs in Tehran Province, Iran

Pedram, Nastaran; Tabrizi, Ali; Hosseinzadeh, Saeid; Pourmontaseri, Maryam; Rakhshandehroo, Ehsan

doi:10.1007/s00580-019-02964-5

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…No sex predilection in infections could be observed through statistical analysis. These results corroborated with other studies from many countries, for example, Iran (Pedram et al, 2019), Colombia (Muñoz et al, 2020), Turkey (Atas et al, 2018), and Brazil (Lira et al, 2016). On the other hand, many studies report a signi cant statistical association between infections and the male gender (Argôlo et al, 2018; Ogbaje and AbelDanjuma, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Identification of microfilariae in canine blood samples from the city of Aracaju (Sergipe, northeastern Brazil)

Lee

2022

Preprint

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This study reported the occurrence of microfilariae from blood samples of dogs from the city of Aracaju, Sergipe, and correlate the prevalence of those infections with the age and sex of the analyzed animals. Each blood samples collected from the cephalic, radial, or jugular veins was processed under modified Knott’s technique and analyzed in triplicates. A total of 378 dogs were analyzed during the study and a total of 15 (4%) animals were positive to circulating microfilariae, being 14 (3.7%) positive for Dirofilaria immitis and 1 (0.3%) for Acanthocheilonema reconditum. The statistical analysis of the results demonstrated a significant correlation between the prevalence of D. immitis and A. reconditum and age of animals, with the rate of infections increasing with the age. A total of 7 females and 8 males were positive to circulating microfilariae, with no significant statistical correlation between those variables. Those results evidence the presence of mosquito-borne blood filarial diseases in dogs from the city of Aracaju and the need to reinforce the diagnosis, treatment and control of these potentially zoonotic diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Identification of microfilariae in canine blood samples from the city of Aracaju (Sergipe, northeastern Brazil)

Lee

2022

Preprint

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“…However, an infection rate of 62.8% was reported from dogs of Meshkinshahr [ 15 ]. Several human cases of D. repens infection have been reported in Iran; however, data for dogs are scant [ 7 ], and few instances of circulating microfilariae have been documented [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine microfilaraemia in some regions of Iran

Hosseini

Manshori-Ghaishghorshagh

Ramezani

et al. 2022

Parasites Vectors

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Background Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens are vector-borne zoonotic parasites which affect mainly dogs and humans worldwide. In Iran, information about the distribution of those nematodes is scant in several regions. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of these filarial parasites in stray dogs from five Iranian provinces where no information about these parasites is available. Methods Blood samples were collected from 344 stray dogs in five provinces of Iran (i.e. Mazandaran, Gilan, Esfahan, Qazvin and Loresan). The presence of microfilariae was assessed using direct smear, modified Knott’s test, molecular detection of filarial DNA (cox1 gene) and Wolbachia endosymbiont of parasitic nematodes (ftsZ gene) by conventional PCR (cPCR). All of the PCR products were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Results In total, 75 dogs (21.8%) were found to be positive for D. immitis by cPCR. Infection was detected in all provinces, with the highest prevalence in Gilan province (22/28; 78.6%). Acanthocheilonema reconditum was diagnosed in five dogs (1.4%) from three provinces (i.e. Esfahan, Mazandaran, Gilan). Two dogs were infected with both parasites and three were only infected with A. reconditum. Dirofilaria repens infection was not found in the examined population. Representative sequences of the D. immitis cox1 gene from dogs from the northern provinces (Mazandaran, Gilan, Qazvin) were grouped together and distinctly separate from the ones from western and central provinces (Lorestan and Esfahan), suggesting that different nematode populations are present in the country. Conclusion The data reported herein fill existing gaps in knowledge about canine filarial infection in two Iranian provinces and record the highest prevalence of D. immitis ever reported in the country (i.e. 78.6%). A geographical review of the literature about Dirofilaria spp. and A. reconditum infections in dogs and humans has also been summarized, indicating that D. immitis and D. repens are distributed in 22 of 31 provinces in Iran, whereas A. reconditum is present in fewer regions. Effective control strategies are advocated for owned dogs, and a national program for the management of stray dogs is needed to minimize the risk of infection in animals and humans. Graphical Abstract

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“…Serological methods are appropriate, especially for the diagnosis of amicrofilaremic infections (Simón et al ., 2012). Geographically, both D. immitis and D. repens are sympatric in most territories (Simón et al ., 2017), although the latter was only detected in a recent multiplex-PCR study in Iran with 26% prevalence in dogs (Pedram et al ., 2019). Globally, several studies have reported the prevalence of canine D. immitis infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filarial worms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diversity in animals from Iran with emphasis on human cases

et al. 2020

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Current systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate the prevalence reports of filariasis in animals in Iran along with human cases. Studies were screened, relevant papers were selected and the random-effect model was used by forest plot with 95% confidence interval (CI). Of 17 records of human case-reports, particularly from Khuzestan province (5 cases), Dirofilaria repens was the most detected parasite (10 cases) with higher involvement of the right eye (7 cases) than other organs. Eleven animal species were reported to be parasitised by filarioids in Iran. The prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in canids was 14.69% (95% CI: 10.33–19.67), with highest rates (20.92%; 95% CI: 13.84–29.03) in free-ranging dogs. Male (10.07%; 95% CI: 5.10–16.47) and more than 1-year old (20.77%; 95% CI: 8.66–36.42) dogs were more likely to be found infected. The frequency of other filarioids of zoonotic interest was: Acanthocheilonema reconditum in dogs 2.15% (95% CI: 0.71–4.33), Dipetalonema evansi in camels 10.16% (95% CI: 4.73–17.34), Onchocerca cervicalis in horses 3.63% (95% CI: 1.44–6.75%) and Onchocerca fasciata 16.57% (95% CI: 10.12–24.24%) in camels. Still, our knowledge on parasitic filariae in Iran is limited and more investigation is needed in both human and animal populations.

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Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in outdoor dogs in Tehran Province, Iran

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Identification of microfilariae in canine blood samples from the city of Aracaju (Sergipe, northeastern Brazil)

Identification of microfilariae in canine blood samples from the city of Aracaju (Sergipe, northeastern Brazil)

Canine microfilaraemia in some regions of Iran

Filarial worms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diversity in animals from Iran with emphasis on human cases

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