Prevalence of different trypanosomes in livestock in Blue Nile and West Kordofan States, Sudan

Mossaad, Ehab; Ismail, Ahmed; Ibrahim, Abdalla Mohamed; Musinguzi, Peter; Angara, Tamador Elkhansa Elnour; Xu, Xuan; Inoue, Noboru; Suganuma, Keisuke

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105302

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In the Pampas, overall T. vivax infection rates in dairy cows were 66.7% (PCR) and 62.9% (FFLB), whereas beef cows exhibited 16.7% (PCR) and 53.3% (FFLB). Our results corroborated the robustness of the conventional TviCATL-PCR as demonstrated in many studies in South America and Africa (Bastos et al, 2017;Chávez-Larrea et al, 2020;Cortez et al, 2009;Galiza et al, 2011;Garcia et al, 2016Garcia et al, , 2020Mossaad et al, 2020;Nakayima et al, 2013;Reis et al, 2019;Rodrigues et al, 2015Rodrigues et al, , 2017. In addition, data from this and previous studies corroborated the efficacy of FFLB for detecting low parasitaemic animals serving as healthy carriers of T. vivax (Garcia et al, 2020;Rodrigues et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Trypanosomosis due to Trypanosoma vivax remains a major constraint to livestock production in many countries of South America (Chávez‐Larrea et al., 2020; Garcia et al., 2020; Gonzatti et al., 2014) and Africa (Mossaad et al., 2020; Nakayima et al., 2013; Rodrigues et al., 2017). In landscapes of the New World, T. vivax is only mechanically transmitted by biting flies, mainly tabanids and stomoxes, as well as the iatrogenic route through the sharing of needles or surgical instruments during veterinary procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular epidemiological insights into Trypanosoma vivax in Argentina: From the endemic Gran Chaco to outbreaks in the Pampas

Florentin

Perez

Rodrigues

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Argentina is a home to millions of beef and dairy cattle and is one of the world's major exporters of meat. In the present study, Trypanosoma vivax was prevalent (2016–2018) in two major livestock farming regions, the Gran Chaco and the Pampas. In the Gran Chaco, 29% and 51% of animals (n = 72, taurine x zebuine crossbreed) were, respectively, positive by TviCATL‐PCR and the more sensitive fluorescent fragment length barcoding (FFLB) method. While 18.4/38.8% of breeding cows (n = 49) tested positive by PCR/FFLB, infection increased to 52.2/78.3% in an outbreak of acute infection in steers (n = 23, taurine breed) brought from a non‐endemic area. In the Pampas, overall infection rates in dairy cows (n = 54, taurine breed) were comparable (p > .01) between PCR (66.7%) and FFLB (62.9%) and showed a remarkable increase (PCR / FFLB) from 48.3/44.8% in 2017 to 88/84% in 2018. Infected dairy cattle exhibited anaemia, fever, anorexia, enlarged lymph nodes, emaciation and neurological signs. In contrast, beef cows (taurine x zebuine crossbreed) from the Pampas (n = 30) were asymptomatic despite exhibiting 16.7% (PCR) and 53.3% (FFLB) infection rates. Microsatellite genotyping revealed a remarkable microheterogeneity, seven genotypes in the Gran Chaco, nine in the Pampas and five shared between both regions, consistent with regular movement of T. vivax infected livestock. Data gathered in our study support the Gran Chaco being an endemic area for T. vivax, whereas the Pampas emerged as an outbreak area of acute infection in dairy cattle with critical negative impact in milk production. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular study of T. vivax in Argentina, and results indicated the need for preventive measures to control T. vivax spread from the Gran Chaco to vast livestock farming areas across Argentina.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiological insights into Trypanosoma vivax in Argentina: From the endemic Gran Chaco to outbreaks in the Pampas

Florentin

Perez

Rodrigues

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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“…Trypanosoma evansi (86.1%) followed by T. vivax (45.5%) were the predominant Trypanosoma species detected in ruminants from the studied areas. This may be due to the camel grazing in the area and the presence of other biting flies which may accelerate the mechanical transmission of the parasite (Mossaad et al , 2020). The T. simiae and T. godfreyi were detected in cattle and goats, which may be linked to the presence of warthog ( Phacochoerus africanus ) and bushpig ( Potamochoerus larvatus somaliensis ) in the studied districts (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitological and molecular detection of Trypanosoma spp. in cattle, goats and sheep in Somalia

Hassan-Kadle¹,

Ibrahim²,

Nyingilili³

et al. 2020

Parasitology

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African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) affects the livestock of 12.3 million Somalis and constrains their development and wellbeing. There is missing data on AAT in the country after the civil war of the 1990s. Therefore, this study has aimed to assess the prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. in 614 blood samples from cattle (n = 202), goats (n = 206) and sheep (n = 206) in Afgoye and Jowhar districts, Somalia using parasitological and molecular methods. Twenty-one out of 614 (3.4%; 95% CI: 2.1–5.2%) and 101/614 (16.4%; 95% CI: 13.6–19.6%) ruminants were positive for Trypanosoma spp. by buffy coat technique (BCT) and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Using ITS1-PCR, the highest prevalence was observed in cattle (23.8%; 95% CI: 18.4–30.1%) followed by goats (17.5%; 95% CI: 12.9–23.3%) and sheep (8.3%; 95% CI: 5.1–12.9%). A total of 74/101 (73.3%; 95% CI: 63.5–81.6%) ruminants were shown coinfection with at least two Trypanosome species. The four T. brucei-positive samples have tested negative for T. b. rhodesiense, by the human-serum-resistance-associated-PCR. Trypanosoma evansi, T. godfreyi, T. vivax, T. brucei, T. simiae and T. congolense were the Trypanosoma species found in this study. This is the first study on the molecular detection of Trypanosoma sp. in ruminants in Somalia. Further investigations and control measures are needed to manage Trypanosomiasis spreading in the country. Studies should also focus on the detection of T. b. rhodesiense in the country.

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“…Estimates show that AAT results in approximately US$ 4.8 billion in economic losses [ 3 ], with more than 50 million animals at risk of infection [ 4 ]. Livestock species affected by AAT include cattle, goats, sheep, camels, and dogs [ 5 – 7 ]. However, cattle are reported to be the most affected domestic animal [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), which carry and transmit different species of trypanosomes such as Trypanosoma vivax, T. congolense, T. brucei, T. simiae, T. theileri, and T. evansi which infect domestic animals including cattle [10][11][12]. T. congolense, T. vivax, and T. brucei are the species considered most common in cattle [5,13]. Moreover, mechanical transmission by other biting flies like Tabanids and Stomoxys has been associated with T. vivax, T. evansi, and T. theileri infections [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of African Animal Trypanosomiasis in Cattle in Lambwe, Kenya

Okello

Mafie

Eastwood

et al. 2022

Journal of Parasitology Research

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Background. African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) affects livestock productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine cattle AAT’s prevalence and associated risk factors in Lambwe Valley, Kenya. Methods. In a cross-sectional survey, livestock owners were recruited from four villages of Lambwe in Homa Bay, Kenya. Blood samples were collected from the jugular veins of cattle, and buffy coat smears were examined under a microscope. Parasites were further detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using a semistructured questionnaire, livestock owners were interviewed on their knowledge of AAT and control practices. Chi-square and multilevel models were used for the analysis. Results. The overall prevalence was 15.63% (71/454). Trypanosoma vivax 10.31% and T. congolense Savannah 6.01% were the common species and subspecies. A total of 61 livestock keepers were involved in the study. Of these, 91.80% (56/61) knew AAT, and 90.16% (55/61) could describe the symptoms well and knew tsetse fly bite as transmission mode. Self-treatment (54.09%; 33/61) was common, with up to 50.00% of the farmers using drugs frequently. Isometamidium (72.13%; 44/61) and diminazene (54.09%; 33/61) were drugs frequently used. Although 16.39% (10/61) of the farmers claimed to use chemoprophylactic treatment, 6/10 did not use the right drugs. Animals (92.1%; 58/63) with clinical signs had positive infections. Villages closer to the national park recorded a higher prevalence. Infections were higher in cattle owned by those self-treating (27.23%; 58/213), those using drug treatment without vector control (27.62%; 50/181), those using single-drug therapy, and those practicing communal grazing (20.00%; 59/295). Clinical signs strongly associate with positive infections under multilevel modeling. Conclusion. Cattle trypanosomiasis is prevalent in the Lambwe region of Kenya. This is influenced by inappropriate control practices, communal grazing, and the proximity of farms to the national park. In addition, clinical signs of the disease have a strong association with infections.

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Prevalence of different trypanosomes in livestock in Blue Nile and West Kordofan States, Sudan

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Molecular epidemiological insights into Trypanosoma vivax in Argentina: From the endemic Gran Chaco to outbreaks in the Pampas

Molecular epidemiological insights into Trypanosoma vivax in Argentina: From the endemic Gran Chaco to outbreaks in the Pampas

Parasitological and molecular detection of Trypanosoma spp. in cattle, goats and sheep in Somalia

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of African Animal Trypanosomiasis in Cattle in Lambwe, Kenya

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