Prevalence of diarrheal disease and associated factors among under-five children in flood-prone settlements of Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional community-based study

Birhan, Tsegaye Adane; Bitew, Bikes Destaw; Amare, Dagnachew Eyachew; Azanaw, Jember; Genet, Mengesha; Engdaw, Garedew Tadege; Tesfaye, Amensisa Hailu; Yirdaw, Getasew; Maru, Tadele

doi:10.3389/fped.2023.1056129

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The prevalence of diarrhoeal disease in children under one year of age was higher in the present study (25.5%) than in the pre-war survey (10.2%) 17 . Our results are consistent with those of other studies conducted in flood prone settlements and conflict 18 , 19 . However, the result of the present study is higher than that of other studies conducted in community 20 – 22 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Unimproved water and sanitation contributes to childhood diarrhoea during the war in Tigray, Ethiopia: a community based assessment

Asgedom,

Abirha,

Tesfay

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) is a global public health problem. The situation is worst in conflict areas, where people are displaced from their usual homes. Household supply of WASH and the incidence of diarrhoeal disease among children during the war in Tigray are not known or documented. The objective of this study was to investigate the sources of drinking water, sanitation and hygiene practices, and the incidence of diarrhoeal diseases among children during the war in Tigray, Ethiopia. A cross—sectional study was conducted to collect data on selected WASH indicators in six zones of Tigray from August 4-20, 2021. Data were collected from a total of 4381 sample households selected by lottery. Descriptive analysis was performed and the analysed data are presented in tables, figures and explanatory notes. Binary logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. A total of 4381 households from 52 woredas participated in the study. Approximately 67.7% of the study participants reported that they relied on an improved source of drinking water during the war. Coverage of sanitation, hand washing, and menstrual hygiene during the war was reported as 43.9%, 14.5%, and 22.1%, respectively. The prevalence of diarrhoeal diseases among children was 25.5% during the war. Water source, latrine type, solid waste disposal and health extension worker visits were the significant predictors of the likelihood of diarrhoea in children (p < 0.05). The results of the study show that a decrease in services from WASH is associated with a higher prevalence of diarrhoeal disease among children during the war in Tigray. To prevent the high prevalence of diarrhoeal disease among children in war-torn Tigray, Ethiopia, improved access to water and sanitation is recommended. In addition, collaborative efforts are needed to engage health extension workers to provide appropriate promotion and prevention services to war-affected communities in Tigray, Ethiopia. Further comprehensive surveys of households with children over one year of age are recommended to assess access to WASH and the burden of WASH associated diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Unimproved water and sanitation contributes to childhood diarrhoea during the war in Tigray, Ethiopia: a community based assessment

Asgedom,

Abirha,

Tesfay

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Moreover, the compromise of water and food storage sites by animals and vectors respectively, lack of water treatment facilities, and irregular cleaning and garbage disposal significantly increase the risk of suffering from diarrheal diseases. [13] Indeed, the economic and power crises in Lebanon during the last few years have severely worsened living conditions and put the Lebanese population at risk for diarrheal illness. Continuous deficits in power supplies to many households have impeded water pumping or halted it completely, making clean running water inaccessible to many individuals, and rising costs have pressured many to resort to using unsafe water in cooking, bathing and even drinking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of pathogens causing acute diarrhea in patients presenting to the emergency departments in 4 hospitals in Lebanon

Helou,

Nasr,

Hajjar

et al. 2024

Medicine

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Acute diarrhea is a prevalent disease worldwide and a cause of mortality in low and middle-income countries. In previous studies, the causative enteropathogen is found in 38% to 58% of patients, leaving a considerable diagnostic gap. In this study, we intend to determine the pathogenic agents responsible for acute diarrhea in patients presenting to the Emergency Departments of several Lebanese hospitals. A total of 100 stool samples were collected between June 2022 and June 2023 from patients presenting with acute diarrhea to the Emergency Departments. Pathogens were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The average age for the patients was 53 years old. All patients presented with diarrhea, 15 of them had fever associated. In total, 46 patients were admitted to the hospital (70%), among them 80% received Intravenous antibiotics. Campylobacter was the most common agent detected in 36%, followed by Rotavirus 19%, and Noroviruses 15%. The rest was detected at lower percentages. Bacteria accounted for 49% of cases, viruses for 39%, and parasitic infection 6%. Acute diarrhea epidemiology is understudied in Lebanon. This study is the first Lebanese data about acute diarrhea pathogens. Avoiding overuse of antibiotics in bacterial versus viral infections can be achieved while prevention campaigns can raise awareness about food and water safety at the community level.

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“…For example, studies in Bahir Dar city reported a prevalence of 14.5% [ 4 ], while Farta district showed a higher prevalence of 29.9% among under-five children [ 5 ]. Other areas such as Jawi district, Debre Berhan town, Woldia town, Bahir Dar Zuria district, the rural area of the North Gondar zone, and flood-prone villages of the Fogera and Libo Kemkem districts also exhibited varying prevalence rates ranging from 15.5% to 29.0% [ 6 – 10 ]. Interestingly, a report suggested that there was no significant variation in prevalence between high and low hotspot districts in the region [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used to Treat Diarrhea by the People in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia

Damtie

2023

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Background. Diarrheal illness is the second-most common cause of death in under-five children. Worldwide, it results in about 1.7 billion illnesses and 525,000 deaths among under-five children annually. It is the leading cause of malnutrition among under-five children. Different people use medicinal plants to treat diarrhea. The present study aimed to review the medicinal plants used to treat diarrhea by the people in the Amhara region and to diagnose whether the antidiarrheal activities of the medicinal plants have been confirmed by studies using animal models. Methods. The author searched 21 articles from worldwide databases up to December 2022 using Boolean operators (“AND” and “OR”) and the terms “ethnobotanical studies,” “ethnobiology,” “traditional medicine,” “ethnobotanical knowledge,” and “Amhara region.” Results. From the 21 studies reviewed, 50 plant species grouped into 28 families were reported to treat diarrhea by the people in the Amhara region. The top most used families were Lamiaceae (12%), Fabaceae (8%), Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Poaceae (6% each). The modes of administration of the plant parts were orally 98.88% and topically 1.12%. The different extracts of 18 (or 36%) of the medicinal plants traditionally used to treat diarrhea by the people in the Amhara region have been proven experimentally in animal models. Conclusions. The people in the Amhara region use different medicinal plants to treat diarrhea. Most of them take the medicinal plants orally. The traditional claim that 60% of medicinal plants are antidiarrheal has been confirmed in in vitro studies.

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Prevalence of diarrheal disease and associated factors among under-five children in flood-prone settlements of Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional community-based study

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Unimproved water and sanitation contributes to childhood diarrhoea during the war in Tigray, Ethiopia: a community based assessment

Unimproved water and sanitation contributes to childhood diarrhoea during the war in Tigray, Ethiopia: a community based assessment

Epidemiology of pathogens causing acute diarrhea in patients presenting to the emergency departments in 4 hospitals in Lebanon

Review of Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used to Treat Diarrhea by the People in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia

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