Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes who had recorded diabetic retinopathy from retinal photographs in Catalonia (Spain)

Rodríguez‐Poncelas, Antonio; Miravet-Jiménez, Sònia; Casellas, Aina; Puente, Joan Barrot-de la; Franch-Nadal, Josep; López‐Simarro, Flora; Mata-Cases, Manel; Mundet-Tudurí, Xavier

doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-306683

Cited by 46 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In our country, the prevalence values of DR were stable throughout the first decade of this century with a small decrease in the incidence of DR. In other parts of Spain, the prevalence of DR remained stable, with lower levels than in other countries, 22 but since 2010 the DR incidence has increased, especially in the DR forms that cause a loss of sight. We therefore decided to analyse our data more accurately and found that any DR increased selectively in some age groups, surprisingly, in the 41–50 and 51–60 age groups ( figure 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Changes observed in diabetic retinopathy: eight-year follow-up of a Spanish population

et al. 2016

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Background/aimsTo determine the changes in the incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic macular oedema (DMO) and their risk factors in a population-based study of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) referred to our 16 Primary Health Care Areas (HCAs).MethodsProspective population-based study of a total of 15 396 Caucasian patients with DM, who represent 86.53% of the total patients with DM in our HCAs, were studied over an 8-year follow-up period. All patients were screened with a mean follow-up of 3.18±1.11 times for each patient over the 8 years.ResultsThe yearly mean value of any DR was 8.37±2.19% (8.09%–8.99%); of advanced DR yearly mean value of 0.46±0.22% (0.03–0.78); and of DMO a yearly mean value of 2.19±0.18% (2%–2.49%). A clear increase was observed in the last 3 years, any DR increased from 8.09% in 2007 to 8.99% in 2014, and DMO from 2% in 2007 to 2.49% in 2014. These increases were more evident in some age groups. For patients with any DR aged 41–50 and 51–60 and for patients with advanced DR aged 41–50, 51–60 and 61–70, the increase was more marked, related to an increase in HbA1c values or to patients treated with insulin.ConclusionsAn increase in the incidence of DR and DMO was observed, especially in the younger patients aged between 31 and 70 years. This is linked to bad metabolic control of DM. Our results suggest a greater number of ocular complications in the near future, such as neovascular glaucoma, if these current findings are not addressed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Changes observed in diabetic retinopathy: eight-year follow-up of a Spanish population

et al. 2016

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“…There have been many studies on the prevalence of retinopathy. Previous studies, with the number of subjects with T2DM being ∼10 000 or more and published in the past decade, showed the prevalence of any retinopathy to be 30.3% (26 216/86 390) in Wales, 17 16.3% (8584/52 736) in Portugal, 18 12.3% (13 387/108 723) in Catalonia, 19 19.3% (8409/43 523 in newly diagnosed T2DM) in Scotland, 20 and 25.3% (16 094/63 622) in Norfolk. 21 Compared with the studies on retinopathy, there have been fewer studies on the prevalence of neuropathy, and the number of subjects examined was also smaller.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Large-scale survey of rates of achieving targets for blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipids and prevalence of complications in type 2 diabetes (JDDM 40)

Yokoyama

Oishi²,

Takamura³

et al. 2016

BMJ Open Diab Res Care

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ObjectiveThe fact that population with type 2 diabetes mellitus and bodyweight of patients are increasing but diabetes care is improving makes it important to explore the up-to-date rates of achieving treatment targets and prevalence of complications. We investigated the prevalence of microvascular/macrovascular complications and rates of achieving treatment targets through a large-scale multicenter-based cohort.Research design and methodsA cross-sectional nationwide survey was performed on 9956 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus who consecutively attended primary care clinics. The prevalence of nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and macrovascular complications and rates of achieving targets of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <7.0%, blood pressure <130/80 mm Hg, and lipids of low-density/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <3.1/≥1.0 mmol/L and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <3.8 mmol/L were investigated.ResultsThe rates of achieving targets for HbA1c, blood pressure, and lipids were 52.9%, 46.8% and 65.5%, respectively. The prevalence of microvascular complications was ∼28% each, 6.4% of which had all microvascular complications, while that of macrovascular complications was 12.6%. With an increasing duration of diabetes, the rate of achieving target HbA1c decreased and the prevalence of each complication increased despite increased use of diabetes medication. The prevalence of each complication decreased according to the number achieving the 3 treatment targets and was lower in subjects without macrovascular complications than those with. Adjustments for considerable covariates exhibited that each complication was closely inter-related, and the achievement of each target was significantly associated with being free of each complication.ConclusionsAlmost half of the subjects examined did not meet the recommended targets. The risk of each complication was significantly affected by 1 on-target treatment (inversely) and the concomitance of another complication (directly). Total diabetes care including one-by-one management of modifiable risk factors and complications may be important for high-quality care. The future studies including more subjects and clinics with precise complication status are needed.

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“…In a crosssectional study of four urban US sites, DR was shown to be correlated with duration of diabetes, but not with smoking status, health insurance status or knowledge of HbA1c level [83]. Risk factors associated with DR in a large screening study in Spain included duration of diabetes, HbA1c levels, blood pressure and hypertension [84]. DR is also associated with the presence of other vascular complications that occur with diabetes, and the presence of such complications should be considered when evaluating a patient's risk of the presence or progression of DR [85].…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental principles of an effective diabetic retinopathy screening program

et al. 2020

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Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness among working-age adults worldwide. Early detection and treatment are necessary to forestall vision loss from DR. Methods A working group of ophthalmic and diabetes experts was established to develop a consensus on the key principles of an effective DR screening program. Recommendations are based on analysis of a structured literature review. Results The recommendations for implementing an effective DR screening program are: (1) Examination methods must be suitable for the screening region, and DR classification/grading systems must be systematic and uniformly applied. Twofield retinal imaging is sufficient for DR screening and is preferable to seven-field imaging, and referable DR should be well defined and reliably identifiable by qualified screening staff; (2) in many countries/regions, screening can and should take place outside the ophthalmology clinic; (3) screening staff should be accredited and show evidence of ongoing training; (4) screening programs should adhere to relevant national quality assurance standards; (5) studies that use uniform definitions of risk to determine optimum risk-based screening intervals are required; (6) technology infrastructure should be in place to ensure that high-quality images can be stored securely to protect patient information; (7) although screening for diabetic macular edema (DME) in conjunction with DR evaluations may have merit, there is currently insufficient evidence to support implementation of programs solely for DME screening. Conclusion Use of these recommendations may yield more effective DR screening programs that reduce the risk of vision loss worldwide.

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Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes who had recorded diabetic retinopathy from retinal photographs in Catalonia (Spain)

Cited by 46 publications

References 27 publications

Changes observed in diabetic retinopathy: eight-year follow-up of a Spanish population

Changes observed in diabetic retinopathy: eight-year follow-up of a Spanish population

Large-scale survey of rates of achieving targets for blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipids and prevalence of complications in type 2 diabetes (JDDM 40)

Fundamental principles of an effective diabetic retinopathy screening program

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