Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Heiran, Alireza; Afarid, Mehrdad; Dehghankhalili, Saeid; Azarchehry, Seyede Pegah; Shaabani, Sonia; Mirahmadizadeh, Alireza

doi:10.1177/03000605221117134

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…The study rates in our research exhibit a lesser magnitude in comparison to those observed in Jordan, although they demonstrate a greater level when compared to other economically developed Arabic nations such as Kuwait and Bahrain [34]. In a similar manner, our observed prevalence exhibited a lesser magnitude when compared to Australia, Colombia, and Iran although it displayed a larger magnitude in relation to the studies conducted in Ireland [35].…”

Section: Prevalence Rates Of Diabetes-related Complicationssupporting

confidence: 49%

“…The prevalence of retinopathy exhibited variation among different countries within the region, with Egypt reporting a rate of 41.5%, the Gulf countries observing a rate of 29.9%, and Tunisia documenting a rate of 8.1% [37,38]. According to a systematic review conducted on the incidence of diabetic retinopathy in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, the estimated prevalence of this condition was found to be 31% [35]. Multiple factors, such as population characteristics, sample size, and the diagnostic process employed, could potentially contribute to the observed variations.…”

Section: Prevalence Rates Of Diabetes-related Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diabetes-Related Microvascular Complications in Primary Health Care Settings in the West Bank, Palestine

Dweib,

El Sharif

2023

JCM

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Background: Worldwide, retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy are the major diabetes-related microvascular complications. In Palestine, a low-middle-income country, diabetes is the fourth reason for death. However, a few studies examined diabetes microvascular consequences and its management. Therefore, we carried out a national study that aims to investigate the factors associated with diabetes-related microvascular complications among individuals seeking care in primary healthcare settings of the West Bank of Palestine. Method: Using a cluster systematic sampling technique, 882 participants with diabetes patients were chosen for a cross-sectional study from primary healthcare facilities operated by the Ministry of Health (PMoH), the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA), and the Palestinian Medical Relief Society (PMRS). Data about patients related to diabetes-related complications, medication use, and other diseases were extracted from patients’ medical records. In addition, an interview face-to-face questionnaire was used to collect information about patients’ sociodemographic variables, medical history, smoking habits, duration of the disease, presence of concurrent conditions previous referrals, and hospital admissions, as well as their level of knowledge regarding diabetes, complications, and treatments. Results: Approximately 34.4% of persons with diabetes patients in Palestine encounter at least one microvascular complication associated with diabetes. The most prevalent diabetes-related microvascular complication was retinopathy (17.3%), 23.4% of participants had more than one microvascular complication, and 29% of male patients had erectile dysfunction. A higher probability of having any microvascular complications was associated with older age (over 60 years). Participants with diabetes patients with fundoscopy or ophthalmology reports, according to diabetes follow-up guidelines, were less likely to develop retinopathy. Also, those who performed regular kidney function testing were less likely to have nephropathy, and those who performed a regular foot exam were less likely to develop diabetic foot. Conclusions: Diabetes-related microvascular complications were associated with patient age, low education level, residency location, and adherence to diabetes follow-up guidelines of diabetes management; i.e., having been tested for HbA1c, consulting with specialists, regular kidney function, and foot examination. These factors can be utilized in setting up proper management protocols to prevent or delay microvascular complications in many patients.

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Section: Prevalence Rates Of Diabetes-related Complicationssupporting

confidence: 49%

Section: Prevalence Rates Of Diabetes-related Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes-Related Microvascular Complications in Primary Health Care Settings in the West Bank, Palestine

Dweib,

El Sharif

2023

JCM

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“…[16,39] Various risk factors are linked to retinopathy in individuals with diabetes, with age, duration of diabetes, high body mass index, hyperglycemia, high blood pressure and hypercholesterolemia being the most significant factors. [40] According to some articles, there is a potential connection between diabetic retinopathy and inflammation, as well as the dysregulation of various inflammatory mediators. [17] Wei-Jing Zhao et al, examined how vitamin D levels affect microvascular complications (diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.…”

Section: Age-related Macular Degenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between deficient levels of vitamin D and the occurrence of selected retinal diseases

Żmijewska,

Maleszewska,

Sztybór

et al. 2024

J Educ Health Sport

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Introduction and Purpose: Vision originates in the eye's retina, a complex structure essential for processing visual information. The connection between nutritional inadequacy, particularly vitamin deficiencies, and overall health, including ocular health, has long been acknowledged. Recent studies highlight the potential impact of vitamin D, a crucial nutrient, on retinal health. The aim is to investigate the association between low levels of vitamin D and retinal diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR), and to evaluate the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation or lifestyle changes for at-risk patients. Description of the State of Knowledge: AMD, a significant cause of blindness in the elderly, involves factors like oxidative stress and inflammation. Various stages of AMD require different treatments, with limited options for advanced stages. DR, a complication of diabetes, leads to conditions such as retinal ischemia and neovascularization. Both conditions are potentially influenced by vitamin D levels. Studies show mixed results regarding the impact of vitamin D on these diseases. Some suggest lower levels may increase risk, while others report no significant effect or even contradictory findings. Conclusions: While some studies indicate a potential association between low vitamin D levels and the occurrence of retinal diseases, discrepancies exist in the findings. Lower vitamin D concentrations may be linked to a higher frequency of AMD and DR, but the evidence is not consistent across all studies. Therefore, a more in-depth exploration of this subject is warranted to draw conclusive insights. It is crucial to consider supplementation or dietary changes in cases of vitamin D deficiency, given its potential impact on systemic health.

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“…We consulted previous systemic reviews to examine DR prevalence in patients with type 2 diabetes in a general cohort [78][79][80][81][82][83] (Table 11). The global DR prevalence was 22.2-34.6% [78][79][80], but those of China and India were lower [81,82].…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Dmementioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Diabetic Nephropathy and Development of Diabetic Macular Edema in Addition to Diabetic Retinopathy

Suzuki

Kiyosawa²

2023

Biomedicines

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This study aimed to examine the relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and systemic factors. We evaluated 261 patients (143 men, 118 women, aged 70.1 ± 10.1 years) with type 2 diabetes. All participants underwent a fundus examination, fundus photography using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and blood tests. For glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, the average and highest values in the past were used. We observed DR in 127 (70 men and 57 women) of 261 patients. Logistic regression analyses revealed a significant correlation between DR development and the duration of diabetes (OR = 2.40; 95% CI: 1.50), average HbA1c level (OR = 5.57; 95% CI: 1.27, 24.4), highest HbA1c level (OR = 2.46; 95% CI: 1.12, 5.38), and grade of diabetic nephropathy (DN) (OR = 6.23; 95% CI: 2.70, 14.4). Regression analyses revealed a significant correlation between the severity of DR and duration of diabetes (t = –6.66; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.39), average HbA1c level (t = 2.59; 95% CI: 0.14, 1.02), and severity of DN (t = 6.10; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.97). Logistic regression analyses revealed a significant correlation between diabetic macular edema (DME) development and DN grade (OR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.33, 3.69). DN grade correlates with the development of DR and DME, and decreased renal function predicts the onset of DR.

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Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 135 publications

Diabetes-Related Microvascular Complications in Primary Health Care Settings in the West Bank, Palestine

Diabetes-Related Microvascular Complications in Primary Health Care Settings in the West Bank, Palestine

Association between deficient levels of vitamin D and the occurrence of selected retinal diseases

Relationship between Diabetic Nephropathy and Development of Diabetic Macular Edema in Addition to Diabetic Retinopathy

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