Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among middle-aged urban population with known diabetes in Selangor

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“…Veterinary chemicals are substances that are used to prevent, diagnose, treat, change, or relieve disease or injury in animals. Prescription drugs such as antibiotics and over-the-counter products are examples of veterinary chemicals, e.g., drenches and vaccines [1][2][3][4][5]. The following are some of the most commonly utilized veterinary chemicals on livestock: a) Worm drenches for the intestines; b) treatments for lice, blowflies, and ticks; c) vaccines against illnesses including pulpy kidney, tetanus, and scabby mouth; d) antibiotics as drugs that are used to treat bacterial infections; and e) antiinflammatory drugs used to treat pain [6,7].…”

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“…Dental and oral disease is an essential issue of the health sector in general; however, in developing countries, there is a tendency to increase dental and oral diseases, one of which is dental caries, which, if untreated, can lead to tooth necrosis [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Treatment of tooth decay, such as caries or pulp necrosis, necessitates crown restoration and the creation of a post [11].…”

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“…Immunization is one of the programs being used as an indicator of minimum service standards in the health sector. The implementation of immunization is regulated by the Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 12 of 2017 and Number 4 of 2019, under which immunization services must be carried out completely and precisely according to the standards [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Indonesian policy requires every baby (aged 0 -11 months) to receive complete basic immunization (CBI) consisting of 1 dose of Hepatitis B, one dose of BCG, three doses of DPT-HB-HiB, four doses of polio drop, and one dose of measles/MR.…”