Prevalence of diabetes recorded in mainland China using 2018 diagnostic criteria from the American Diabetes Association: national cross sectional study

Abstract

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of diabetes and its risk factors.DesignPopulation based, cross sectional study.Setting31 provinces in mainland China with nationally representative cross sectional data from 2015 to 2017.Participants75 880 participants aged 18 and older—a nationally representative sample of the mainland Chinese population.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of diabetes among adults living in China, and the prevalence by sex, regions, and ethnic groups, estimated by the 2018 American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and history of disease were recorded by participants on a questionnaire. Anthropometric and clinical assessments were made of serum concentrations of fasting plasma glucose (one measurement), two hour plasma glucose, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).ResultsThe weighted prevalence of total diabetes (n=9772), self-reported diabetes (n=4464), newly diagnosed diabetes (n=5308), and prediabetes (n=27 230) diagnosed by the ADA criteria were 12.8% (95% confidence interval 12.0% to 13.6%), 6.0% (5.4% to 6.7%), 6.8% (6.1% to 7.4%), and 35.2% (33.5% to 37.0%), respectively, among adults living in China. The weighted prevalence of total diabetes was higher among adults aged 50 and older and among men. The prevalence of total diabetes in 31 provinces ranged from 6.2% in Guizhou to 19.9% in Inner Mongolia. Han ethnicity had the highest prevalence of diabetes (12.8%) and Hui ethnicity had the lowest (6.3%) among five investigated ethnicities. The weighted prevalence of total diabetes (n=8385) using the WHO criteria was 11.2% (95% confidence interval 10.5% to 11.9%).ConclusionThe prevalence of diabetes has increased slightly from 2007 to 2017 among adults living in China. The findings indicate that diabetes is an important public health problem in China.

Newly diagnosed diabetes is associated with a higher risk of mortality than known diabetes in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19

“…of those with known diabetes and 13.9% of those with newly diagnosed diabetes). 18 The current study reported that at first were diagnosed with hyperglycaemia (fasting glucose 5.6-6.9 mmol/L and/or HbA1c 5.7%-6.4%), substantially higher compared with previous studies. 9,17,18 Several possible reasons for the higher prevalence of both known diabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes in the current study should be considered: (1) all of the study subjects were older with a median age of 61 years; (2) all the hospitalized patients had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and were experiencing a state of oxidative stress manifesting as hypoxia and inflammation, resulting in a significant rise in blood glucose.…”

The association of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on propensity score matching: a retrospective observational cohort study

“…Their hazard ratio was 1.31 or 1.13 compared with that of people with GGT < 16 IU/L. It is consistent with the results of previous investigations [19,20].…”

Clinical Features and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…This nding is important as the presence of comorbidities such as hypertension or diabetes is considered as a predictor of adverse outcomes in these patents (32). The WPP of hypertension and diabetes in our study was however similar to the ones reported in general population (38)(39)(40)(41)(42). Further subgroup analysis showed similar WPP of comorbidities in patients irrespective of the location.…”