Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes among Children Aged 11-14 Years Old in Vietnam

Abstract

Aim. Diabetes in children is becoming more prevalent in some countries. However, in most countries, little is known about the epidemiology of this disease. This study is aimed at estimating the prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and prediabetes among children in Vietnam and examining factors associated with the conditions. Methods. A total of 2880 students aged 11-14 years old were recruited for the survey, using a school-based and nationally representative sampling frame. Capillary blood samples of participants were collected to measure fasting glucose level, using glucose meter OneTouch Verio Pro+. Diabetes and impaired fasting plasma glucose were initially diagnosed based on the cut-off points of the American Diabetes Association criteria. Diabetes status and type of diabetes of participants were confirmed at a hospital. Additionally, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were conducted following a standardized procedure. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between outcome and independent variables. Results. The overall prevalence of diabetes among the participants was 1.04‰ (three cases), with 2 cases (0.75‰) diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (one known and one newly diagnosed) and 1 case newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (0.35‰). The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 6.1%. Body mass index, place of residence, and age were found to be significantly associated with the impaired fasting glucose condition in participants. Conclusion. The prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in children in Vietnam is lower than that in some other countries reported recently. However, there is a high prevalence in impaired fasting glucose, requiring attention from policymakers to take action to prevent the occurrence of the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in children in the future.

Global prevalence of prediabetes in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…This finding is consistent with previous studies 18–20 showing that obesity may be a risk factor for prediabetes, although one study found no relationship between obesity and prediabetes 21 . The finding of a lower prevalence of prediabetes in rural areas compared with that in urban areas in this study is consistent with published data in China 22 and Vietnam 23 . Aging and growing obesity levels that accompany urbanization may therefore represent precursors to a global prediabetes epidemic.…”

“…21 The finding of a lower prevalence of prediabetes in rural areas compared with that in urban areas in this study is consistent with published data in China 22 and Vietnam. 23 Aging and growing obesity levels that accompany urbanization may therefore represent precursors to a global prediabetes epidemic. In another study, prevalence of IFG was 88% for those with family history compared to 1.9% for those without, 24 similar to our study and the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort data.…”

Association between tri-ponderal mass index and glucose metabolism disorder in children with obesity in China: A case–control study

“…Previous studies reported that the prevalence of T2DM in children with obesity was 18.3% in China [28] and 12.6% to 24.6% in other countries. [29][30][31][32] Thus, our findings of a high rate of glucose metabolism disorder in children with obesity are broadly in agreement with the results of previous studies.…”

The Distribution of Autoantibodies by Age Group in Children with Type 1 Diabetes versus Type 2 Diabetes in Southern Vietnam

“…In Vietnam, a previous publication revealed that a high number of T1D cases presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis in young adults are negative for pancreatic ICAs. Additionally, although the authors reported a low prevalence of T1D and T2D among children aged 11–14 years (1.04), there has been a lack of prevalence rates published for T1D and T2D in younger children and descriptions of autoimmune markers [ 16 ]. The lower frequency of ICAs in children with T1D onset before five years of age may be due to a more rapid disappearance of islet cell antigens than in patients with a later onset [ 13 ].…”