Prevalence of Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy in a Large U.S. Commercially Insured Pediatric Population, 2002–2013

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in a large population of U.S. commercially insured patients aged <18 years from 2002 to 2013. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using the U.S. MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database, we identified 96,171 pediatric patients with diabetes and 3,161 pediatric patients with diabetic nephropathy during 2002–2013. We estimated prevalence of pediatric diabetes overall, by diabetes type, age, and sex, and prevalence of pediatric diabetic nephropathy overall, by age, sex, and diabetes type. RESULTS The annual prevalence of diabetes in the whole pediatric population increased from 1.86 to 2.82 per 1,000 during 2002–2013: 1.48 to 2.32 per 1,000 for type 1 diabetes and 0.38 to 0.67 per 1,000 for type 2 diabetes in 2002–2006 and then 0.56 to 0.49 per 1,000 thereafter. The annual prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in pediatric patients with diabetes increased from 1.16 to 3.44% for all cases and 0.83 to 2.32% for probable cases only in 2002–2013. Prevalence of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy was highest in patients aged 12 to <18 years. While prevalence of type 1 diabetes was higher in male than in female youth, prevalence of type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy was higher in female than in male youth. There was no difference in prevalence of diabetic nephropathy by diabetes type. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy increased in the U.S. MarketScan commercially insured pediatric population from 2002 to 2013. The prevalence of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy markedly increased starting at age 12 years.

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rates Calculated by New and Old Equations in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes—What to Do With the Results?

“…Diabetic nephropathy remains a common complication in patients with diabetes; the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in individuals with diabetes younger than 18 years of age is estimated to be 3.44% in the United States (1). Diabetes is the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with type 1 patients facing a 30-year cumulative incidence for ESRD of 3.3-7.8% (2).…”

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“…The incidence and prevalence of diabetes has rapidly increased worldwide in recent decades, mainly due to the rise in obesity and other risk factors for type 2 diabetes [T2D] [1]. There has been an associated global increase in the incidence and prevalence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) -a frequent complication of long standing and poorly controlled diabetes [2][3][4]. The incidence of DKD among patients with type 1 diabetes [T1D] has been decreasing, probably due to substantial improvements in the management of DKD risk factors [2].…”

ELMO1 protects renal structure and ultrafiltration in kidney development and under diabetic conditions

“…Diabetic nephropathy is a very concerning microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, whose global incidence is on the rise, rapidly12. It has been established that diabetic nephropathy eventually progresses into end-stage renal disease and is the leading cause for renal replacement therapy in developed countries3.…”