Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Associated Factors among Internal Migrants with Tuberculosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in China

Abstract

There are hundreds of millions of internal migrants in China, and tuberculosis (TB) is an important health threat to them. However, the mental health problems of internal migrants with TB in China have been ignored. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and its associated risk factors among internal migrants with TB in China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between June 2018 and March 2019 in Shenzhen, southern China. Data were collected from 1,057 internal migrants with TB using a structured questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for depressive symptoms. Of the 1,057 participants included in this study, 53.8% had depressive symptoms. Of these, 38.9% had mild, whereas 14.9% had moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms. Multinomial logistic regression analysis suggested that higher likelihoods of depressive symptoms were associated with female gender, lower education, family dysfunction, poor doctor-patient communication, and TB-related stigma. This study shows that the prevalence of depressive symptoms among internal migrants with TB is high in China. Targeting interventions and treatment of depressive symptoms among internal migrants with TB are needed.

Association Between Functional Disability and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults in Rural China: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…In this study, we found that the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 52.94%, which is the same as 53.8% reported in a cross-sectional survey in Shenzhen, southern China [36], but much higher than that of the elderly in Korea (30.3%) and Mexico (29.1%) [37,38]. The heterogeneity of the prevalence among elderly people in different countries be because of differences of national culture and historical background as well as differences in survey samples of different assess scales and social support systems of the elderly in different countries.…”

Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Depression: A Review of Recent Literature

“…Studies also focused on the social determinants of (mental) health; these are the conditions in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, and age, and have a significant influence on wellbeing [ 291 ]. Factors such as age, social or socioeconomic status, social support, financial strain and deprivation, food insecurity, education, employment status, living arrangements, marital status, race, childhood conflict and bullying, violent crime exposure, abuse, discrimination, (self)-stigma, ethnicity and migrant status, working conditions, adverse or significant life events, illiteracy or health literacy, environmental events, job strain, and the built environment have been linked to depression, among others [ 52 , 133 , 235 , 236 , 239 , 252 , 269 , 280 , 292 , 293 , 294 , 295 , 296 , 297 , 298 , 299 , 300 , 301 , 302 , 303 , 304 , 305 , 306 , 307 , 308 , 309 , 310 , 311 , 312 , 313 , 314 , 315 , 316 , 317 , 318 , 319 , 320 , 321 , 322 , 323 , 324 , 325 , 326 ,…”

Prevalence and associated factors of psychological distress in tuberculosis patients in Northeast China: a cross-sectional study

“…Lack of social support was the most common source of social stress faced by TB patients [ 31 ]. Family function is an important source of social support for TB patients, and its effect on psychological distress has been reported [ 8 , 9 ]. Our study also found that patients with severe family dysfunction were 4 times more likely to experience psychological distress than patients with good family functioning.…”

“…Family function was divided into three levels, 0 to 3 on a scale of a severely dysfunctional family, 4 to 6 on a scale of a moderately dysfunctional family, and 7 to 10 on a scale of a highly functional family [ 34 ]. Family APGAR Questionnaire has been widely used in China and has good reliability and validity [ 8 ]. In this study, it has a high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.937).…”

“…TB is inextricably linked to psychological health problems, but psychological health problems generally do not receive adequate attention in national TB programs [ 7 , 8 ]. Studies have indicated that the magnitude of psychological distress in TB patients is high compared to outpatients (excluding TB patients) and the general population, and it is the main comorbidities [ 9 – 11 ].…”