Prevalence of Depression in Patients With Hypertension

Abstract

Prevalence estimates of depression in hypertensive patients varied widely in existing studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to summarize the point prevalence of depressive symptoms in adults with hypertension.Comprehensive electronic searches of PubMed, Web of Knowledge, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), Wangfang, and Weipu databases were conducted to identify any study in each database published from initial state to November 31, 2014, reporting the prevalence of depression in hypertensive patients. Random-effects model was used to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms. We also limited the analyses to studies using clinical interview and prespecified criteria for diagnosis. All statistical calculations were made by using the Stata Version 12.0 (College Station, TX) and Statsdirect Version 2.7.9.We identified 41 studies with a total population of 30,796 in the present meta-analysis. The summarized prevalence of depression among hypertensive patients is 26.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 21.7%–32.3%). Subgroup analysis shows the following results: for male 24.6%, 95% CI: 14.8%–35.9%, for female 24.4%, 95% CI: 14.6%–35.8%. For China: 28.5% (95% CI: 22.2%–35.3%); for other region (22.1%, 95% CI: 12.1%–34.1%); for community: 26.3% (95% CI: 17.7%–36.0%), for hospital: 27.2% (95% CI: 20.6%–34.5%). Estimated prevalence by interview was 21.3% (95% CI: 14.2%–30.0%); prevalence of depressive symptoms adjudicated by self-rating scales was 29.8% (95% CI: 23.3%–36.7%).The observed heterogeneity in depression prevalence of hypertension may be attributed to differences in method of evaluation. Self-report scales should be cautious of estimating the presence of depression. Thus, interview-defined depression affects approximately one third of hypertensive patients. Effective interventions for depression on patient-centered are needed.

Depressão E Qualidade De Vida Em Adultos Com Hipertensão

“…A presença da depressão em pessoas com hipertensão, encontrada nesta pesquisa, também tem sido identificada em estudos internacionais conduzidos a partir de metodologias, populações e amostragens distintas (20)(21) .…”

“…Do total de estudos incluídos na revisão, 80% era de corte transversal, o mesmo empregado nesta pesquisa (21) .…”

“…Entretanto, conforme a meta-análise que investigou essa relação, a heterogeneidade da prevalência da depressão em pacientes com hipertensão pode ser atribuída aos diferentes métodos de avaliação (21) , tendo em vista que quando os instrumentos são auto declarados pode haver uma superestimação ou subestimação dos resultados.…”

Association Between Blood Pressure Lowering and Quality of Life by Treatment of Azilsartan

“…[28][29][30][31][32][33] In patients with HT, it is reported that the prevalence of depression is 27%. 34) Accumulating evidence suggests that CR, such as exercise training for patients with CHF, can improve HR-QOL. 20,35) Thus, early detection and appropriate intervention into depression would be greatly needed in addition to treatment for background CVDs.…”

Prevalence and Predictors of Depression among Diabetes Mellitus in Adult Population

“…In this study too, Depression was significantly higher among those patient of diabetes mellitus who has associated other health problems than diabetes mellitus alone (P=0.02). The depression among hypertensive and hypothyroid patients were 26.8% [16] and 13% [17] respectively. These all data corroborate our finding that depression is significantly more with diabetes with other health problems.…”