Prevalence of Depression Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at King Abdullah Medical City&#x0D;

Aljohani, Wasayf; Algohani, Llojun; Alzahrani, Anas; Bazuhair, Mowaddah; Bawakid, Afnan; Aljuid, Latifa; Al-Ahdal, Amin

doi:10.7759/cureus.18447

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Among them, 15 were excluded due to the following reasons: 7 lacked sufficient data to generate reliable risk estimates, and 8 described the relationship between depression and diabetes/diabetes complications ( Fig 1 ). Ultimately, 30 studies were investigated, where 24 were about DN predicting depression [ 18 – 41 ] and 6 were about depression predicting DN [ 42 – 47 ] (Tables 1 and 2 ). It was noted that 4 of the final 30 studies reported HR and one reported RR in risk evaluation [ 27 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six studies were from Europe [ 21 , 23 , 28 , 37 , 40 , 46 ], one from Africa [ 29 ], 16 from Asia [ 19 , 20 , 22 , 24 , 26 , 30 – 33 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 41 , 45 , 47 ], and 7 from America [ 18 , 25 , 27 , 34 , 42 – 44 ]. There were 10 prospective cohort studies [ 18 , 22 , 25 , 35 , 37 , 40 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 47 ], 18 cross-sectional studies [ 19 – 21 , 23 , 26 – 30 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 41 ], 2 case-control studies [ 23 , 31 ]. The largest number of participants were 933,211, while the longest follow-up time was 25 years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bidirectional association between depression and diabetic nephropathy by meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Background Studies suggested that the association between depression and diabetic nephropathy may be bi-directional, but this hypothesis remains investigating. In this meta-analysis, the bi-directional relationship between depression and diabetic nephropathy was investigated. Methods A search for the publications on depression and diabetic nephropathy in the databases of PubMed, Web of science, and Embase from the earliest available to August 2022 was conducted. Two sets of pooled risk estimates were calculated using random effects models: diabetic nephropathy predicting depression and depression predicting diabetic nephropathy. Cross-sectional studies were assessed using Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), cohort and case-control studies were assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Result Of the 974,121 patients in 30 clinical studies, 24 studies met eligibility for diabetic nephropathy predicting onset of depression, representing 28,438 incident cases. The other 6 studies met criteria for depression predicting onset of diabetic nephropathy, representing 945,683 incident cases. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of diabetic nephropathy predicting depression was 1.46 (95% CI 1.27–1.67). The OR of depression predicting diabetic nephropathy was 1.22 (95% CI 1.13–1.31). Conclusion This meta-analysis shows that the relationship between depression and diabetic nephropathy may be bidirectional. Diabetic nephropathy may be a predictor of depression, and depression may also be an indicator of diabetic nephropathy. The mechanisms underlying the bidirectional relationship need to be further investigated and interventions of the comorbidity of depression and diabetic nephropathy need be studied in clinical practice.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional association between depression and diabetic nephropathy by meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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“…Depressive symptoms are common in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes who also have neuropathy and retinopathy. Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and an unhealthy diet have been associated with depression [ 65 , 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to Medication in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Living in Lubuskie Voivodeship in Poland: Association with Frailty Syndrome

Bonikowska

Szwamel

Uchmanowicz

2022

JCM

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Purpose: Diabetic patients aged 65 years or older are more likely to be frail than non-diabetic older adults. Adherence to therapeutic recommendations in the elderly suffering from diabetes and co-existent frailty syndrome may prevent complications such as micro- or macroangiopathy, as well as significantly affect prevention and reversibility of frailty. The study aimed at assessing the impact of frailty syndrome (FS) on the level of adherence to medication in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2). Patients and Methods: The research was carried out among 175 DM2 patients (87; 49.71% women and 88; 50.29% men) whose average age amounted to 70.25 ± 6.7. Standardized research instruments included Tilburg frailty indicator (TFI) to assess FS and adherence in chronic disease scale questionnaire (ACDS) to measure adherence to medications. Results: The group of 101 (57.71%) patients displayed medium, 39 (22.29%)—low, and 35 (20.00%)—high adherence. As many as 140 of them (80.00%) were diagnosed with frailty syndrome. The median of the average result of TFI was significantly higher in the low adherence group (p ˂ 0.001) (Mdn = 9, Q1–Q3; 7–10 pt.) than in the medium (Mdn = 6, Q1–Q3; 5–9 pt.) or high adherence (Mdn = 6.00, Q1–Q3; 4.5–8 pt.) ones. The independent predictors of the chance to be qualified to the non-adherence group included three indicators: TFI (OR 1.558, 95% CI 1.245–1.95), male gender (OR 2.954, 95% CI 1.044–8.353), and the number of all medications taken daily (each extra pill decreased the chance of being qualified to the non-adherence group by 15.3% (95% CI 0.728–0.954). Conclusion: Frailty syndrome in elderly DM2 patients influenced medical adherence in this group. The low adhesion group had higher overall TFI scores and separately higher scores in the physical and psychological domains compared to the medium and high adhesion groups.

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“…In another Saudi observational study carried on 267 adults patients with type 2 diabetes seen at King Abdulla Medical City in Mecca, using the Arabic version of the Patients Health Questionnaire -9 (PHQ-9) to asses prevalence of depression, 73% suffered from different degrees of depression;36%, 19.9%, 8.6%, 5.2%, and 3.4% of the participants were suffering from minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression, respectively, and only neuropathy was a signi cant risk factors of depression (odds ratio = 2.87, 95% CI 1.18-6.97. P = 0.02) (19) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Glycemic control of type 2 diabetics and associated depressive disorders spectrum - descriptive comparative study in Ismailia city -Egypt

Ibrahim1

Shora

Eltantawy¹

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Depressive disorders are highly prevalent in the general population worldwide. Evidence suggests a longitudinal reciprocal bi-directional relationship between depression and type 2 diabetes. This study aims at detecting the relationship between diabetic control and spectrum of depressive disorders among patients with type II diabetes attending health insurance medical complex, between January and March 2022, Ismailia city, Egypt. Methods: This study recruited 105 patients with type II diabetes randomly selected from patients attending the specialized endocrinology and diabetes center, and matched on a regular basis with another 105 non-diabetic individuals randomly selected from new patients attending for general medical check up covered by the comprehensive medical insurance pilot in Egypt run in Ismailia Governorate. Brief medical history and examination was carried out for all participants including, duration of type 2 DM diagnosis, presence of diabetic complications, and smoking status, and BMI recording, followed by interview for self-completion of the “Beck Depression inventory II scale”. A venous blood sample, in a non-fasting state, was drawn for measuring the HbA1C% in the same session. Results: The means of HbA1c% in in diabetic group was 8.7% +2.1, compared with 5.3 + 0.44 in non-diabetic group. Assessment of the prevalence and grades of depression in the two study groups, showed a highly statistically significant difference in the prevalence of depression, with 55 subjects representing 52.4% in the diabetic group, compared with 11 subjects, representing 10.5% in the non-diabetic group. The grades of severity of depression between the two groups showed also a highly statistically significant difference with 33.3%, 15.2%, and 3.8% respectively for mild, moderate, and severe depression in the diabetic groups, compared with 8.6%, 1.9%, and 0% respectively for mild, moderate, and severe depression in the non-diabetic groups. High statistically significant difference in Beck ‘depression inventory Score (BDI-II) between the two groups was shown, with mean score of 14.2 + 7.6 in the diabetic group, compared with 9.8 + 3.3 in the non-diabetic group. A linear correlation manner was shown between HbA1c%, and BDI-II score in all of the study participants, and in the diabetic group a moderate correlation was shown between BDI-II and HbA1c% with r coefficient 0.37 that was highly statistically significant (P< 0.001). The results of binary regression analysis model for prediction of depression, showed among several independent factors selected, that smoking, and presence of diabetic complications were statistically significant predictors (P = 0.016, and 0.013, respectively), and glycemic control (HbA1c%) was highly statistically significant predictor (P < 0.001) Conclusion: In this study, poor glycemic control reflected in glycosylated hemoglobin percent (HbA1c%), was shown to be closely related to higher percentages of all grades of depressive disorders as assessed by BDI-II scale when comparing type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients, and among the type 2 diabetic patients. The correlation between glycemic control and the spectrum of depressive disorders was moderate, and depicted a linear relationship. Glycemic control was shown to be the strongest predictor of depressive disorders, followed by presence of diabetic complications, and smoking.

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Prevalence of Depression Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at King Abdullah Medical City

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Bidirectional association between depression and diabetic nephropathy by meta-analysis

Bidirectional association between depression and diabetic nephropathy by meta-analysis

Adherence to Medication in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Living in Lubuskie Voivodeship in Poland: Association with Frailty Syndrome

Glycemic control of type 2 diabetics and associated depressive disorders spectrum - descriptive comparative study in Ismailia city -Egypt

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