Prevalence of dental caries in preschool children born preterm and/or with low birth weight: A systematic review with meta‐analysis of prevalence data

Occhi-Alexandre, Ingrid Gomes Perez; Cruz, Poliana Valdelice; Bendo, Cristiane Baccin; Paiva, Saul Martins; Pordeus, Isabela Almeida; Martins, Carolina Castro

doi:10.1111/ipd.12610

Cited by 19 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Both preterm birth and early childhood caries have common covariables affecting the prevalence, such as socio-economic factors, parental education and smoking. 9 In addition, early childhood caries have a complex aetiology, that is affected by a number of behavioural, dietary and nursing factors, in addition to biology and genetics. 1 Some of the included studies used a blend of confounding factors to adjust the multivariate analyses concerning caries background variables, but we decided to only extract the crude data in order to be able to pool the outcome.…”

Section: Ta B L E 1 Characteristics Of the Included Studies On Pretermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 The authors concluded that children born preterm had a similar caries experience to those born full term, but the certainty of evidence was very low due to methodological shortcomings. 9 Although children with preterm birth and children with low birthweight were analysed separately, the preterm group included extremely preterm and very preterm children that commonly exhibit intrauterine growth restriction and elevated morbidity rates. 5 One strategy to overcome this overlap is to focus on investigations that have selectively been performed on moderate to late preterm children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A systematic review and meta‐analysis published in 2019 has addressed the association between preterm birth and low birth weight and early childhood caries 9 . The authors concluded that children born preterm had a similar caries experience to those born full term, but the certainty of evidence was very low due to methodological shortcomings 9 . Although children with preterm birth and children with low birthweight were analysed separately, the preterm group included extremely preterm and very preterm children that commonly exhibit intrauterine growth restriction and elevated morbidity rates 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic review suggests a relationship between moderate to late preterm birth and early childhood caries

et al. 2020

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Aim: The aim was to examine the association between moderate to late preterm birth and the prevalence of early childhood caries. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Trials Register databases up to February 28, 2020. Two independent reviewers screened the papers for relevance, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to pool the prevalence of early childhood caries by gestational age. Results: The authors identified 14 studies covering 210,691 children. They were published from 2007-2020 and included birth cohorts, cross-sectional, register-based and case-control studies. We assessed eight of them as having low or moderate risk of bias. The median caries prevalence was 48.8% among children born moderate to late preterm compared to 20.5% for those born full term. The pooled overall odds ratio was 1.48 (95% confidence interval 1.16-1.89; P < .001). The certainty of this finding was low due to heterogeneity and inconsistencies across the studies. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis displayed a significantly higher prevalence of early childhood caries in children born moderate to late preterm compared to full term children. The finding suggests that the gestational age should be collected as a risk factor in the paediatric dental records. K E Y W O R D S caries, meta-analysis, preterm birth, risk factor, teeth This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Section: Ta B L E 1 Characteristics Of the Included Studies On Pretermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic review suggests a relationship between moderate to late preterm birth and early childhood caries

et al. 2020

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“…Although most of the published findings support the association between preterm birth and an increase in caries risk, some studies have failed to record statistically significant differences [57,89,90]. Furthermore, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis did not find differences in the prevalence of caries between preschool children born preterm versus full term (91).…”

Section: Caries Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral manifestations in premature infants. A systematic review

Couto

Pozo

Escobar

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Preterm delivery, defined as delivery occurring before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy, represents 6-10% of all births in developed countries. Preterm infants are characterized by a short prenatal development period and are at an increased risk of systemic disorders as a result of their immaturity. Few studies have analyzed oral alterations among preterm infants. This systematic review examines the orofacial characteristics most commonly found among preterm infants versus infants born at term, and evaluates their repercussions upon oral health and quality of life. Methods The search was limited to articles published in English or Spanish and that studied the prevalence of oral sequelae and alterations in preterm children. Their methodological quality was assessed based on the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Results Most of the studies found the prevalence of structural enamel defects of the primary dentition to be greater among preterm infants. Other disorders such as structural enamel defects of the permanent dentition, caries, malocclusions or alterations in dental composition, size and development also appeared to be more frequent among preterm infants, though the supporting evidence was weak. Conclusions Further studies are needed, analyzing the association between preterm delivery and certain orofacial disorders such as caries, malocclusions and dental anomalies.

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Is the mode of childbirth delivery linked to the prevalence of early childhood caries? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Boustedt

Dahlgren

Roswall

et al. 2021

Eur Arch Paediatr Dent

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Aim The mode of childbirth delivery can influence the child’s future health and the aim of this study was to explore the association between the delivery mode and the prevalence of early childhood caries. Methods We searched the PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane databases up to September 15, 2020. Two independent reviewers screened the papers for relevance, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. We performed a random effects meta-analysis to pool the prevalence of early childhood caries according to the mode of delivery. Results The authors included 11 studies in the review, comprising 47,688 children with vaginal delivery and 10,994 with caesarean section (C-section). The publication years ranged from 1997 to 2020 and included birth cohorts, cross-sectional, register-based and case–control studies. We assessed three publications with low or moderate risk of bias. The median caries prevalence in the C-section group was 56.4% compared to 45.9% in the vaginal group and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The pooled overall odds ratio was 1.48 (95% CI 1.07–2.05) indicating a weak but statistically significant trend towards a higher caries occurrence among children delivered with C-section. The certainty of this finding was low due to heterogeneity and inconsistencies across the studies. Conclusion We found a weak but inconsistent association between the mode of delivery and the prevalence of early childhood caries. Further studies based on representative, prospective cohorts reporting a standardized core outcome set are required to answer the research question with higher certainty.

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Prevalence of dental caries in preschool children born preterm and/or with low birth weight: A systematic review with meta‐analysis of prevalence data

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Systematic review suggests a relationship between moderate to late preterm birth and early childhood caries

Systematic review suggests a relationship between moderate to late preterm birth and early childhood caries

Oral manifestations in premature infants. A systematic review

Is the mode of childbirth delivery linked to the prevalence of early childhood caries? A systematic review and meta-analysis

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