Prevalence of Dementia in the United States: The Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study

Plassman, Brenda L.; Langa, Kenneth M.; Fisher, Gwenith G.; Heeringa, Steven G.; Weir, David R.; Ofstedal, Mary Beth; Burke, James R.; Hurd, Michael D.; Potter, Guy G.; Rodgers, Willard L.; Steffens, David C.; Willis, Robert J.; Wallace, Robert B.

doi:10.1159/000109998

Cited by 1,607 publications

(1,215 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Unless preventative or curative treatments are developed this number is expected to triple by 2050 (Wimo 2010). Among the various forms of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common affecting nearly 10 % of the population in the United States over 70 years of age (Plassman et al 2007). Disruption of mineral homeostasis has long been suspected as a pathological mechanism in AD and therapeutic strategies are now being aimed at restoring mineral homeostasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc and the aging brain

Nuttall

Oteiza

2013

Genes Nutr

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Alterations in trace element homeostasis could be involved in the pathology of dementia, and in particular of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Zinc is a structural or functional component of many proteins, being involved in numerous and relevant physiological functions. Zinc homeostasis is affected in the elderly, and current evidence points to alterations in the cellular and systemic distribution of zinc in AD. Although the association of zinc and other metals with AD pathology remains unclear, therapeutic approaches designed to restore trace element homeostasis are being tested in clinical trials. Not only could zinc supplementation potentially benefit individuals with AD, but zinc supplementation also improves glycemic control in the elderly suffering from diabetes mellitus. However, the findings that select genetic polymorphisms may alter an individual's zinc intake requirements should be taken into consideration when planning zinc supplementation. This review will focus on current knowledge regarding pathological and protective mechanisms involving brain zinc in AD to highlight areas where future research may enable development of new and improved therapies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc and the aging brain

Nuttall

Oteiza

2013

Genes Nutr

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“…[31][32][33] While the symptoms of VaD are traditionally thought to be a direct consequence of cerebral infarcts, senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles associated with neuronal death are the neuropathological hallmarks of AD. 34 Postmortem investigations show that the AD neuropathology begins and is more severe in the hippocampal and entorhinal regions, spreading progressively to the temporal and parietal cortices and finally to frontal regions.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Declinementioning

confidence: 99%

The link between cardiovascular risk, Alzheimer's disease, and mild cognitive impairment: support from recent functional neuroimaging studies

Ferreira

Tamashiro-Duran

Squarzoni

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objective: To review functional neuroimaging studies about the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search to identify articles in the neuroimaging field addressing CVRF in AD and MCI. We included studies that used positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Results: CVRFs have been considered risk factors for cognitive decline, MCI, and AD. Patterns of AD-like changes in brain function have been found in association with several CVRFs (both regarding individual risk factors and also composite CVRF measures). In vivo assessment of AD-related pathology with amyloid imaging techniques provided further evidence linking CVRFs and AD, but there is still limited information resulting from this new technology. Conclusion: There is a large body of evidence from functional neuroimaging studies supporting the hypothesis that CVRFs may play a causal role in the pathophysiology of AD. A major limitation of most studies is their cross-sectional design; future longitudinal studies using multiple imaging modalities are expected to better document changes in CVRF-related brain function patterns and provide a clearer picture of the complex relationship between aging, CVRFs, and AD.

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“…Dementia is an age-associated illness estimated to affect 5 percent of people between the ages of 71 and 80 and more than 37 percent of people over the age of 90 in the United States [17]. Because progressive cognitive impairment is thought to be a normal consequence of aging, and patients frequently do not self-report cognitive impairment, early or mild dementia can go undetected.…”

Section: Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiating among Depression, Delirium, and Dementia in Elderly Patients

Gagliardi

2008

AMA Journal of Ethics

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Prevalence of Dementia in the United States: The Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study

Cited by 1,607 publications

References 66 publications

Zinc and the aging brain

Zinc and the aging brain

The link between cardiovascular risk, Alzheimer's disease, and mild cognitive impairment: support from recent functional neuroimaging studies

Differentiating among Depression, Delirium, and Dementia in Elderly Patients

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