Prevalence of Dementia and Its Subtypes in the Japanese American Population of King County, Washington State: The Kame Project

Abstract

Studies of Asian populations generally have reported prevalence rates for dementia similar to those of predominantly Caucasian populations, but relative prevalence rates of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia have differed. Between May 1, 1992 and May 1, 1994, the prevalence rates of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia were examined in the Japanese American population aged over 65 years in King County, Washington State. A total of 3,045 eligible individuals were identified in a census of persons who were of at least 50% Japanese heritage. Of 1,985 persons who participated in the baseline examination, 382 individuals of 450 sampled from all cognitive performance strata received a diagnostic evaluation. A total of 107 cases with a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) of > or = 1 met criteria for dementia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 3rd edition, revised (DSM-III-R); 58 of these cases were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and 24 with multi-infarct dementia. The estimated prevalence rate for all dementias was 6.3% (95% confidence interval 5.9-6.8). Prevalence rates for dementia increased continuously with age and were 30%, 50%, and 74% for participants aged 85-89, 90-94, and > or = 95 years, respectively; for Alzheimer's disease, prevalence rates were 14%, 36%, and 58% for these three age groups. Rates for Alzheimer's disease were generally higher among women; for multi-infarct dementia, rates for men and women were similar. In the institutional population, the prevalence rate was 66%, and in the community, 2.9%. Persons with lower education had higher overall rates of dementia than those with higher education, but this tendency became weak and inconsistent when rates were age-stratified. The prevalence of dementia in this geographically defined population of Japanese Americans was somewhat higher than prevalence rates reported from Japan, and the distribution of dementia subtypes more closely resembled that found in Caucasian populations in North America and Europe than previously reported in Asian populations.

Prevalência de demência em diversas regiões do mundo: Análise dos estudos epidemiológicos de 1994 a 2000

“…Para as variáveis "prevalência de demência", "idade", "gênero" e razão "doença de Alzheimer / demência vascular" foram utilizados, respectivamente, 22 5,8,[10][11][12][13]15,17,[20][21][22][23][24]26,29,30,32,34,37,38,41,42 considerados como citações da mesma entidade nosológica os termos doença de Alzheimer, demência de Alzheimer, demência do tipo Alzheimer e demên-cia senil do tipo Alzheimer. O mesmo critério foi utilizado para os termos demência vascular, demência isquêmica vascular e demência por múltiplo infarto.…”

“…Gênero Observou-se maior prevalência de demência no sexo feminino, em todas as regiões pesquisadas. Em alguns estudos, este predomínio chegou à razão de duas mulheres para um homem 10,17,23 . Entretanto, cerca de 25% dos estudos descreveram prevalência maior no sexo masculino, com diferenças que não foram estatisticamente significativas 15,29,32,37,41 .…”

Cognitive reserve: Implications for diagnosis and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease

“…There are studies from China [21], India [22], England [13], and the United States [23][24][25] that reported no association between education and incident dementia. However, lower incidence of dementia in subjects with higher education has been reported by at least eight cohorts from France [26], Sweden [27], Finland [12], China [28], and the United States [14,15,20,29].…”

Associação entre declínio cognitivo e qualidade de vida de idosos hipertensos

“…6,7 In international studies, this estimate ranges from 6.3% to 46%. 8,9 The risk of developing cognitive decline can be associated with intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the life of an individual. Education levels have been reported as one of the most significant determinants of cognitive decline in several studies of the factors associated with this phenomenon.…”

“…Education levels have been reported as one of the most significant determinants of cognitive decline in several studies of the factors associated with this phenomenon. [6][7][8]10,11 Other factors have also been highlighted, such as gender, marital status, smoking and alcohol consumption. 12 Therefore, cognitive dysfunction is determined by a complex association of factors, including individual and social conditions, and can directly affect the quality of life of the elderly individual.…”