Prevalence of Dementia and Impact on Intellectual Disability Services

Janicki, Matthew P.; Dalton, Arthur J.

doi:10.1352/0047-6765(2000)038<0276:podaio>2.0.co;2

Cited by 163 publications

(105 citation statements)

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“…[58][59][60][61] By the age of 60 years or more, dementia involving memory loss, cognitive decline, and changes in adaptive behaviour has been positively diagnosed in at least 56% of individuals with Down syndrome. 60,62 Problems associated with home-based and community-based care Since de-institutionalization in developing countries, individuals with learning disability have been encouraged to live as independently as possible within the community and to use the health care pathways and facilities available to the general population. An inadvertent adverse effect of de-institutionalization has been that access to appropriately trained and experienced health professionals has been reduced, 63,64 placing strains on families and carers and creating problems for general practitioners, who may lack the necessary experience and skills to deal with people with learning disability.…”

Section: Comorbid Disorders and Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, social, and ethical implications of changing life expectancy in Down syndrome

Bittles

Glasson

2004

Develop Med Child Neuro

320

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Between 1 and 4% of the populations of developed nations are diagnosed with learning disability*. 1,2 In Australia, an estimated 1.9% of the population exhibit learning disability either as a primary disability or as a secondary condition, and approximately half of these people require continuing support in daily living, including mobility, self-care, and socialization. 3 After improvements in basic public health measures, life expectancy in most developed nations increased over the course of the 20th century, and this trend included people with learning disability. Thus, by the end of that century, the survival estimates for people with mild learning disability living in developed countries was 70 years, and nearly 60 years of age for those with severe learning disability. 4,5 The estimates of increased life expectancy mirror improved access to medical treatment for those with learning disability, and a shift in public attitude during the past 20 to 30 years that has resulted in better care within the community. The increased availability of more appropriate medication, surgical intervention, and overall health care management strategies have led to a positive effect on general health and have decreased mortality. More recently, national and international agencies have strongly argued for further improvements in health care opportunities for individuals with disabilities, and for the narrowing of health differentials between people with learning disability and the general population. 6-9 However, this is a complex issue with challenging social, economic, and ethical ramifications, because many people with learning disability are affected by major adverse health issues throughout their lives. As a result, increased survival is not only associated with a longer period of care, but is also related to a longer period of more specialized needs. Here we discuss these issues with specific reference to the circumstances of people with Down syndrome, although it should be emphasized that to a large degree they equally apply to a wide range of inherited disorders resulting in learning disability. EpidemiologyDown syndrome is the most commonly inherited form of learning disability, with an incidence rate of 1 out of every 650 to 1000 live births, 10-12 and in developed countries it accounts for 12 to 15% of the population of those with learning disability. 4,13,14 The actual number of Down syndrome conceptions is unknown, but occurrence of the disorder increases significantly with advancing maternal age, 15 and there is some evidence that advanced paternal age might also be involved. 16 There is a high rate of spontaneous prenatal loss and, for example, in one study 43% of Down syndrome pregnancies detected by chorionic villus sampling at 10 weeks gestation failed to reach term. 17 The trisomy 21 karyotype is present in 93 to 95% of people with Down syndrome; a further 3 to 4% exhibit translocation anomalies, and 1 to 3% are mosaic. 18-20 Down syndrome is usually associated with moderate to severe levels of learning disab...

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Section: Comorbid Disorders and Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, social, and ethical implications of changing life expectancy in Down syndrome

Bittles

Glasson

2004

Develop Med Child Neuro

320

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Additionally, DS is associated with several health concerns, such as increased risks of congenital heart disease (Dykens, Hodapp, & Finucane, 2000), thyroid dysfunction (Siegfried, Pueschel, & Pezzullo, 1985), being overweight and/or obese (Bell & Bhate, 1992), and developing Alzheimer's disease (Janicki & Dalton, 2000;Lai & Williams, 1989). Hearing impairments are also prominent in DS (Meuwese-Jongejueugd, et al, 2006).…”

Section: Down Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Reading Skills in Down Syndrome: An Examination of Orthographic Knowledge

Loveall

Conners

2016

American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

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The primary purpose of the present study was to examine orthographic knowledge in a sample of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) in comparison to typically developing (TD) children matched on word identification ability. Phonological recoding was also compared across groups. A secondary purpose of the study was to estimate literacy rates in DS using parent reports. Results of the parent study revealed that most individuals with DS over the age of 5 years can read words. Results of the child study revealed that individuals with DS performed worse than TD controls on a measure of phonological recoding, but similarly on two measures of orthographic knowledge. Interestingly, the group with DS performed worse on a third measure of orthographic knowledge. The first two orthographic tasks both included real words as stimuli; the third orthographic task used letter patterns, but did not include real words. These results suggest that individuals with DS may have a relative strength in word-specific orthographic knowledge but not in general orthographic knowledge.iii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to mothers. To the mothers of my participants, who never stop believing in or fighting for their children, I am continually amazed and touched by your dedication and love. To my own mother, who is my rock and inspiration, thank you for telling me I could do anything I set my mind to, for believing it, and for helping me believe it. My success is your success. Love you.iv

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“…By 2020 the number of persons with intellectual disability aged over 65 is projected to double from 1990 estimates (Janicki & Dalton, 2000). Many of the same socioeconomic and environmental factors in longevity improvement for the general population (clean water, decline in infectious diseases, improved living and nutritional standards, and disease and risk factor management -see Friedman, 2010) have been a feature for people with intellectual disability, but other contributors have been advances in and extension of medical care, advocacy and self-advocacy, and the development by providers of quality living environments and their support of enriching lives .…”

Section: The Demography Of Aging and Chronic Illness In People With Amentioning

confidence: 99%