Prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran (2000-2016): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Study

Panahi, Sajjad; Abbasi, Milad; Sayehmiri, Kourosh; Sadegh, Safaripour; Abdi, Jahangir

doi:10.2174/1871526520666200601164850

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the present study, both sexes were susceptible to the disease, but most cases occurred in men, which is consistent with other reports from Iran ( 18 , 19 ). Men seem to spend more hours outdoors because of their jobs as well as differences for clothing worn by men and women, making men more exposed to vector bites.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Molecular Identification of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Species in the Northcentral Iranian Province of Alborz: Is There a New Focus on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Province?

Sheikhi

Heidari

Mohebali

et al. 2023

IJPA

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Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic infection in the Middle East, including Iran that is also spreading to new foci. We aimed to determine the leishmaniasis species causing CL in Alborz province. Methods: Overall, out of 55-suspected CL patients referred to health centers in Alborz Province, north central Iran in 2019, 40 patients had positive smear for CL based on optical microscopy. The internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was amplified by PCR. Leishmania species were identified by PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using BshF I (Hae III) enzyme. Results: Out of the 40 positive patients with CL, 34 cases (85%) had been caused by Leishmania (L) major and six (15%) by L. tropica. Fifteen patients had no history of traveling to the disease endemic areas, of which nine were Iranians. Skin lesions and scars caused by CL were mostly observed on the hands and face. Moreover, more than two skin lesions were observed in 22 cases (55%), all of which were infected with L. major. A single skin ulcer was seen in 18 (45%) of the CL patients. Conclusion: Climate change, reduced rainfall, and demographic changes such as migration into Alborz Province and the increasing marginalization of the population and their entry to settle in new areas might have caused natural transmission of both L. tropica and L. major in this province.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Molecular Identification of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Species in the Northcentral Iranian Province of Alborz: Is There a New Focus on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Province?

Sheikhi

Heidari

Mohebali

et al. 2023

IJPA

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“…Moreover, the majority of the reported CL patients were in the 15 years and above age group, and the lowest number was in age group of <5 years. These findings are in constancy with those reported worldwide [ 30 , 31 ]. However, CL tends to more affect younger age group has also been reported in some leishmaniasis endemic areas [ 32 - 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia: epidemiological trends from 2006 to 2021

Hassanei¹,

El-Shemi²,

Albalawi³

2023

Pan Afr Med J

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Introduction cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne protozoan skin disease that affects all human ages and can pose extreme social and psychological impacts. This study aimed to reveal the epidemiological trends of CL in the Tabuk region, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), during the period from 2006 to 2021. Methods patients with CL, who were detected and registered at the regional Vector-borne Diseases Control Unit of the Tabuk province, between January 2006 and December 2021, were analyzed in this retrospective study. The patients´ data included their nationality, gender, and age, and their annual and month-by-month recorded patterns. Results a total of 1575 CL patients were reported during the said period. They were 53.1% Saudis and 46.9% non-Saudi expatriates with a ratio around 1.1: 1.0; and they were re-categorized as 83.17% males and 16.83% females with a ratio of 4.9: 1.0 (p <0.5). Additionally, the majority (1002/1575; 63.6%) of these CL patients were in age group of 15-45 years (p <0.5), and the lowest number was in age group of <5 years. Most importantly, there was a continuous annual and month-by-month record of these patients; reflecting CL endemicity in the Tabuk region of KSA. Conclusion the present findings imply that CL is endemic in the Tabuk region of KSA. As there is a recent increase in human immigration to this region, sustainable monitoring of CL and improving its control measures is warranted.

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“…in Iran from 2000 to 2016 including 44 selected studies, the pooled prevalence was 77 per 100,000 population based on both L. tropica and L. major spices. [ 31 ] In contrast, the current study prevalence is calculated based on only ZCL. However, the effects of climatic factors on the occurrence of ZCL were similar to CL incidence in previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous leishmaniasis based on climate regions in Iran (1998-2021): A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Background: Climate change can facilitate the expansion of leishmaniasis and create the suitable habitat for vector and reservoir species. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) at the climatic regions of Iran. Materials and Methods: The literature search was conducted to identify all published studies reporting the prevalence or incidence of CL in humans in Iran. A total of 350 articles that reported leishmaniasis in Iran were retrieved, due to eligibility criteria, only 42 studies were selected to the final systematic review and meta-analysis procedure. Random effects meta-analysis was done with the estimate of heterogeneity being taken from an inverse-variance model. Subgroup analysis was conducted and it stratified the studies according to climatic regions. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed by using I 2 and Cochran's Q method I 2 value of heterogeneity. Meta regression was used to investigate factors potentially contributed the between-study heterogeneity. Results: Individual studies showed that prevalence per 100,000 population estimated the range from 1.5 to 318.7 with the overall random pooled prevalence of 83.3 (95% confidence interval 74.5–92.1). Subgroup analysis by climatic regions showed that many studies were conducted in the desert areas and also, it has more prevalent than the other climatic regions. Conclusions: Leishmaniasis was more prevalent in regions with dry and desert climates than the other climatic regions. One of the advantages of this work is that the majority of selected studies have been conducted on population-base. However, some of the studies have been designed poorly or have had a lack of internal validity.

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Prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran (2000-2016): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Study

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Molecular Identification of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Species in the Northcentral Iranian Province of Alborz: Is There a New Focus on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Province?

Molecular Identification of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Species in the Northcentral Iranian Province of Alborz: Is There a New Focus on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Province?

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia: epidemiological trends from 2006 to 2021

Cutaneous leishmaniasis based on climate regions in Iran (1998-2021): A systematic review and meta-analysis

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