Prevalence of Coxiella Burnetii in Western Grey Kangaroos (Macropus Fuliginosus) in Western Australia

Potter, Abbey; Banazis, Michael; Yang, Rongchang; Reid, Sacha; Fenwick, Stan

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-47.4.821

Cited by 19 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Infected ruminant females shed large burdens of C. burnetii upon delivery and/or in the remains of miscarriages and in faeces, vaginal mucus, urine and milk . General shedding by any of those routes can last several months (Berri, Rousset, Champion, Russo, & Rodolakis, 2007) and occurs even in asymptomatic animals (Rousset et al, 2009) , 2017;Potter et al, 2011;Stein & Raoult, 1999;To et al, 1998). These findings show that shedding routes in wildlife resemble those reported in domestic ruminants (see Maurin & Raoult, 1999), which may guide future studies.…”

Section: And Transmission In Wildlifesupporting

confidence: 56%

“…General shedding by any of those routes can last several months (Berri, Rousset, Champion, Russo, & Rodolakis, ) and occurs even in asymptomatic animals (Rousset et al., ). Shedding routes in wildlife include: (a) genital secretions as proven in red deer, European wild rabbit, Eurasian wild boar and small mammals ( Napaeozapus insignis , Peromyscus maniculatus , Microtus arvalis , Myodes gapperi , Tamiasciurus hudsonicus , Glaucomys sabrinus and Glaucomys volans ) (González‐Barrio, Martín‐Hernando, & Ruiz‐Fons, ; González‐Barrio, Almería, et al., ; González‐Barrio, Maio et al., ; González‐Barrio, García et al., ; Thompson, Mykytczuk, Gooderham, & Schulte‐Hostedde, ); (b) milk and/or mammary gland as shown for the red deer (González‐Barrio, Ortiz, & Ruiz‐Fons, ); (c) semen of dorcas gazelle ( Gazella dorcas ) (García‐Seco et al., ); and (d) faeces as demonstrated for the Australian western grey kangaroo ( Macropus fuliginosus ), the three‐toed sloth ( Bradypus trydactilus ), the red deer and the Eurasian wild boar (Banazis, Bestall, Reida, & Fenwick, ; Davoust et al., ; González‐Barrio, Martín‐Hernando et al., ; González‐Barrio, Ortiz et al., ; Potter et al., ; Stein & Raoult, ; To et al., ). These findings show that shedding routes in wildlife resemble those reported in domestic ruminants (see Maurin & Raoult, ), which may guide future studies.…”

Section: Coxiella Burnetii Pathogenicity and Transmission In Wildlifementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the highest risk of human infection by C. burnetii is associated with interactions with infected livestock, the frequency of sporadic cases of Q fever caused by exposure to wildlife is increasing (Davoust et al, 2014;Flint et al, 2016;González-Barrio, Almería, et al, 2015;Schleenvoigt et al, 2015). This may in part relate to increased attention to wildlife as a source of C. burnetii but it may as well be linked to the current changes in the patterns of wildlife-human interactions because of variations in human and wildlife population dynamics and behaviour (Apollonio, Andersen, & Putman, 2010;Dawe, Bayne, & Boutin, 2014;Gortázar, Acevedo, Ruiz-Fons, & Vicente, 2006;Ruiz-Fons, 2017), implying an increased risk of inter-species transmission of C. burnetii (Gortázar et al, 2014;Potter, Banazis, Yang, Reid, & Fenwick, 2011). This section aims to highlight the risk factors of transmission of C. burnetii at the wildlife-livestock-human interface.…”

Section: Q Fever Epidemiology In Wild Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

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Coxiella burnetiiin wild mammals: A systematic review

González‐Barrio

Ruiz‐Fons

2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Coxiella burnetii is a multi‐host bacterium that causes Q fever in humans, a zoonosis that is emerging worldwide. The ecology of C. burnetii in wildlife is still poorly understood and the influence of host, environmental and pathogen factors is almost unknown. This study gathers current published information on different aspects of C. burnetii infection in wildlife, even in species with high reservoir potential and a high rate of interaction with livestock and humans, in order to partially fill the existing gap and highlight future needs. Exposure and/or infection by C. burnetii has, to date, been reported in 109 wild mammal species. The limited sample size of most of the existing studies could suggest an undervalued prevalence of C. burnetii infection. Knowledge on the clinical outcome of C. burnetii infection in wildlife is also very limited, but currently includes reproductive failure in waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus), roan antelope (Hippotragus niger), dama gazelle (Nanger dama) and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and placentitis in the Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi), Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus). The currently available serological tests need to be optimised and validated for each wildlife species. Finally, there is a huge gap in the research on C. burnetii control in wildlife, despite of the increasing evidence that wildlife is a source of C. burnetii for both livestock and humans.

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Section: And Transmission In Wildlifesupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Coxiella Burnetii Pathogenicity and Transmission In Wildlifementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Q Fever Epidemiology In Wild Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

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Coxiella burnetiiin wild mammals: A systematic review

González‐Barrio

Ruiz‐Fons

2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…Infection of stock in Gippsland may be occurring through direct contact with infected stock, importation of infected stock from interstate and elsewhere in Victoria, transmission on fomites or via environmental contamination. Local native wildlife may also be providing a reservoir for infection, which spills over into ruminants, thereby exposing people. Serological surveys of livestock and wildlife in Victoria would clarify the public health and production risks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of 20 years of human acute Q fever notifications in Victoria, 1994–2013

Bond¹,

Franklin²,

Sutton³

et al. 2018

Aust Veterinary J

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“…This is important because a recent survey regarding zoonoses indicated that 64.5% of respondents did not consider themselves at risk of being infected from pet animals showing a lower level of awareness of the possibility of infection from these animals (Steele & Mor 2015). In addition, there is evidence of infection in other animal species such as horses, dogs (Tozer, S. J. et al 2014), wild animals and their ticks, and (Cooper et al 2013) marsupials (Potter et al 2011).…”

Section: Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of Q fever in Queensland, Australia and effectiveness of vaccination for prevention

Woldeyohannes¹

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Q fever, caused by the small obligate intracellular, gram-negative pathogenic bacterium Coxiella burnetii, is primarily an occupationally-acquired zoonotic disease most commonly reported in people working in the livestock and meat industries who have direct or indirect contact with infected animals. The main preventive tool for Q fever is a vaccine (Q-VAX ® , Seqirus, Australia) that is recognised to be highly effective and providing long lasting protection. Its implementation requires pre-vaccination screening tests using serology and skin tests conducted in parallel. This is because the vaccine has more side effects in persons who have already had the disease Q fever, so testing for prior immunity is necessary before vaccination to avoid unwanted vaccine side effects. However, outbreaks of Q fever continue to be recorded in abattoirs and Q fever continues to be an important public health issue in Australia. The incidence of Q fever remains high especially in Queensland and New South Wales (NSW) though there is good evidence of improved Q fever control as a result of the implementation of the Q fever vaccination program. There is evidence that the Q fever vaccination has not been fully implemented because of the high incidence of Q fever among individuals targeted by past vaccination program.Therefore, this PhD thesis was mainly intended to assess the overall effectiveness of the Q fever vaccination program, and the associated Q fever notification and hospital admission rates, and the most risky exposures for the occurrence of Q fever in Queensland, Australia. Chapter 1 presents a literature review on Q fever at global and Australia levels. In chapter 2, I conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the seroprevalence of Q fever. Chapter 3 addresses estimation of vaccine failure rate and duration of immunity for Q fever using Cox proportional hazard model. I then explicitly addressed the accuracy of the Q fever pre-screening test using Bayesian latent class analysis in chapter 4. In chapter 5, I assessed the demographic and vaccination status factors associated with the incidence of Q fever infection using a case control design. In chapter 6, I modelled the rate of Q fever notification and hospitalization, and identified the associated factors using Poisson and Negative Binomial regression models. In chapter 7, I conducted a risk assessment using the enhanced Q fever exposure surveillance data using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) technique. Finally, chapter eight highlight key findings, discuss them, and summarize the thesis.In summary, the results presented in this Thesis, address the knowledge gap regarding the incidence of Q fever in vaccinated individuals and the duration of immunity of the Q fever vaccine and the accuracy of the prescreening tests thereby addressing the overall effectiveness of the Q fever vaccination program and the resulting Q fever notification and admission rates in the Queensland. It presents evidence of the protective effect of being vaccinated using the Q fever vaccine...

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Prevalence of Coxiella Burnetii in Western Grey Kangaroos (Macropus Fuliginosus) in Western Australia

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Coxiella burnetiiin wild mammals: A systematic review

Coxiella burnetiiin wild mammals: A systematic review

Review of 20 years of human acute Q fever notifications in Victoria, 1994–2013

The epidemiology of Q fever in Queensland, Australia and effectiveness of vaccination for prevention

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