Prevalence of coronary artery disease and coronary risk factors in rural and urban populations of north India

Singh, Ram B.; Sharma, J. P.; Rastogi, Vipul; Raghuvanshi, Rita Singh; Moshiri, Mahmood; Verma, Shweta; Janus, Edward

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015167

Cited by 107 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Research into urban/rural differences in BMI in India provides some insight into how neighborhoods in India may serve to pattern nutritional status (Singh et al, 1997;Venkatramana and Reddy, 2002). Compared to living in rural areas, urban residency has been found to be associated with higher consumption of refined sugars and dietary fat suggesting that there may be patterning in the ease of access to these calorie-dense foods (Shetty, 2002;Singh et al, 1995Singh et al, , 1996.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geography of underweight and overweight among women in India: A multilevel analysis of 3204 neighborhoods in 26 states

Ackerson

Kawachi

Barbeau

et al. 2008

Economics & Human Biology

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We investigated the geographic distribution and the relationship with neighborhood wealth of underweight and overweight in India. Using multilevel modeling techniques, we calculated statespecific smoothed shrunken state residuals of overweight and underweight, neighborhood and state variation of nutritional status, and the relationships between neighborhood wealth and nutritional status of 76,681 women living in 3204 neighborhoods in 26 Indian states. We found a substantial variation in overweight and underweight at the neighborhood and state levels, net of what could be attributed to individual-level factors. Neighborhood wealth was associated with increased levels of overweight and decreased levels of underweight, and was found to modify the relationship between personal living standard and nutritional status. These findings suggest that interventions to address the double burden of undernutrition and overnutrition in India must take into account state and neighborhood characteristics in order to be successful.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geography of underweight and overweight among women in India: A multilevel analysis of 3204 neighborhoods in 26 states

Ackerson

Kawachi

Barbeau

et al. 2008

Economics & Human Biology

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“…It is possible that south Asians appear to be predisposed to high blood pressure as well as an increased susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) possibly due to insulin resistance. [8][9][10] Hypertension as a risk factor for stroke and CAD has been recognised in developed countries 11 since 1950. It is now also considered important in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in developing countries.…”

Section: Reviewed Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension and stroke in Asia: prevalence, control and strategies in developing countries for prevention

et al. 2000

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Reliable statistics related to the prevalence, incidence and mortality of hypertension and stroke are not available from Asia. The data may be in national or institutional reports or journals published in the local language only. The mortality rate for stroke has been on the decline since the mid 1960s in the developed countries of Asia, such as Australia, New Zealand, and Japan, with some improvement in Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong, some areas of China and Malaysia about 15 years later. In India, China, Phillippines, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Iran, Pakistan, Nepal, there has been a rapid increase in stroke mortality and prevalence of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension according to new criteria (Ͼ140/90 mm Hg) varies between 15-35% in urban adult populations of Asia. In rural populations, the prevalence is two to three times lower than in urban subjects.

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“…Although some knowledge of the need for activity and healthy diets exists for wealthier Bangalore women, this does not translate into healthy behaviour, suggesting a need for obesity prevention programmes. Keywords: nutrition; transition; India; socio-economic status; women While India is one of the poorest countries in the world with extremely high rates of malnutrition, there is evidence of an emerging nutrition transition (Singh et al, 1997; 1999;Griffiths & Bentley, 2001). A higher prevalence of overweight (Body mass index (BMI) Z25 kg/m 2 ) is observed nationally in females of reproductive ages in urban areas (24%) compared to rural areas (6%) (International Institute for Population Sciences & ORC Macro, 2000b).…”

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Women of higher socio-economic status are more likely to be overweight in Karnataka, India

Griffiths

Bentley

2005

Eur J Clin Nutr

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This study explores differences in body mass index (BMI), diet, and lifestyle between women of varying socio-economic status in Karnataka, India, using data from the National Family Health Survey 2 (n ¼ 4374), in-depth interviews (n ¼ 20) and six focus group discussions (n ¼ 40) completed in Bangalore. Predictors of overweight (BMI Z25kg/m 2 ) were modelled using logistic regression. A content analysis of the qualitative data was undertaken to understand behavioural factors affecting overweight. Prevalence of undernutrition was high for rural women (48%) and for overweight, prevalence was high in large urban areas (44%). In Bangalore knowledge of unhealthy foods was higher for richer women, although their diet and activity levels were less healthy than poorer women, who did not have the resources to purchase less healthy diets. Although some knowledge of the need for activity and healthy diets exists for wealthier Bangalore women, this does not translate into healthy behaviour, suggesting a need for obesity prevention programmes. Keywords: nutrition; transition; India; socio-economic status; women While India is one of the poorest countries in the world with extremely high rates of malnutrition, there is evidence of an emerging nutrition transition (Singh et al, 1997; 1999;Griffiths & Bentley, 2001). A higher prevalence of overweight (Body mass index (BMI) Z25 kg/m 2 ) is observed nationally in females of reproductive ages in urban areas (24%) compared to rural areas (6%) (International Institute for Population Sciences & ORC Macro, 2000b). This study uses quantitative and qualitative methods to further understand predictors of overweight in Karnataka, South India.Quantitative data come from the stratified random sample of the Karnataka state National Family Health Survey, 1998/ 99 (NFHS 2) collected between March and September 1999 from questionnaires administered to women of reproductive ages (n ¼ 4374) (International Institute for Population Sciences & ORC Macro, 2001). All women with height and weight data who were not pregnant or delivered within 2 months of the survey were included. Logistic regression using maximum likelihood estimation and accounting for the complex survey design (Stata Release 6, 1999) was used to assess factors associated with being overweight (BMI Z25 kg/ m 2 ) vs normal weight. Only significant variables were retained (P-value o0.05).After observing an association between urban residence and overweight from the NFHS data, in-depth qualitative data were collected in January and February 2001 from women living in Bangalore city. The aim of the qualitative component was to identify current knowledge regarding healthy diet and physical activity behaviours as well as to investigate the determinants of engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviours. Participants were recruited through women's organizations, using a 'snowball' technique to recruit further women. In all, 20 women aged 20-65 y were interviewed individually and an additional 40 took part in six focus groups (5-8 per group). Women ...

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Prevalence of coronary artery disease and coronary risk factors in rural and urban populations of north India

Cited by 107 publications

References 12 publications

Geography of underweight and overweight among women in India: A multilevel analysis of 3204 neighborhoods in 26 states

Geography of underweight and overweight among women in India: A multilevel analysis of 3204 neighborhoods in 26 states

Hypertension and stroke in Asia: prevalence, control and strategies in developing countries for prevention

Women of higher socio-economic status are more likely to be overweight in Karnataka, India

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