Prevalence of congenital malaria in newborns of mothers co-infected with HIV and malaria in Benin city

Eki-Udoko, Fidelis E; Sadoh, AE; Ibadin, Michael O.; Omoigberale, AI

doi:10.1080/23744235.2017.1312667

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[119] Newborns of mothers co-infected with HIV and malaria are at high risk of congenital malaria when maternal CD4 count is <200 cells/μl. [120] Among children with cerebral malaria, HIV-coinfection is associated with marked blunting of the inflammatory response but does not affect parasite density or outcome. [121] Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death among HIV+ individuals worldwide.…”

Section: Comorbid Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global HIV neurology

Thakur

Boubour

Saylor

et al. 2019

Aids

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: Neurological conditions associated with HIV remain major contributors to morbidity and mortality and are increasingly recognized in the aging population on long-standing combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Importantly, growing evidence shows that the CNS may serve as a reservoir for viral replication, which has major implications for HIV eradication strategies. Though there has been major progress in the last decade in our understanding of the pathogenesis, burden, and impact of neurological conditions associated with HIV infection, significant scientific gaps remain. In many resource-limited settings, ARVs considered second or third line in the United States, which carry substantial neurotoxicity, remain mainstays of treatment, and patients continue to present with severe immunosuppression and central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic infections. Despite this, increased global access to cART has coincided with an aging HIV+ population with cognitive sequelae, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral neuropathy. Further neurological research in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) is needed to address the burden of neurological complications in HIV+ patients, particularly regarding CNS viral reservoirs and their effects on eradication.

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Section: Comorbid Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global HIV neurology

Thakur

Boubour

Saylor

et al. 2019

Aids

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“…Rarely, maternal history of malaria may not be reported and, therefore, it cannot be considered as a criterion for the diagnosis of congenital malaria [17]. Origin from endemic countries for malaria, fever during pregnancy, placental malaria and anaemia in the mother, are the main risk factors [1, 8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of congenital malaria is highly variable. The literature reported an incidence between 7 and 33% in endemic area [6, 7] with an apparent increasing rate during the last years as result of rising drug resistance, increasing virulence of the parasite, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection [7, 8]. The high variability seems related to several factors such as the different diagnostic methods and sampling (cord blood vs peripheral blood) used to detect Plasmodium spp., and the area in which the epidemiologic analyses are performed [6, 9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenging diagnosis of congenital malaria in non-endemic areas

Romani

Pane

Severini

et al. 2018

Malar J

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BackgroundCongenital malaria is usually defined as the detection of asexual forms of Plasmodium spp. in a blood sample of a neonate during perinatal age if there is no possibility of postpartum infection by a mosquito bite. The incidence of congenital malaria is highly variable and seems related to several factors, such as different diagnostic methods for Plasmodium spp. detection, and area in which the epidemiologic analyses are performed. In non-endemic countries, cases of congenital malaria are rare. Hereby, a case of a congenital malaria in an HIV exposed child is reported.Case presentationA 2-month-old male child was admitted to Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital due to anaemia and exposure to HIV. He was born prematurely in Italy by cesarean section at 34 weeks’ gestation after a bicorial, biamniotic pregnancy by a migrant woman from Nigeria. He was the first of non-identical twins. Combined with anaemia, spleen and liver enlargement was noted, malaria was hypothesized. Malaria laboratory panel was performed on the newborn, mother and other twin blood samples, as follows: (i) malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT); (ii) Giemsa-stained thick and thin blood smears for Plasmodium spp. identification and parasitaemia titration; (iii) molecular screening and typing of Plasmodium spp. by multiplex qualitative PCR assay based on 18S rRNA gene. Genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from mother and child was performed by neutral microsatellite and highly polymorphic marker amplification.ConclusionsThe maternal RDT sample was negative, while the infant RDT was positive; in both cases microscopy of blood smears and PCR showed infection with P. falciparum. Two of the genotypic molecular markers displayed different allelic variants between the two samples. This difference could imply infection multiplicity of the mother during the pregnancy, possibly harbouring more than one isolate, only one of them being transmitted to the newborn while the other persisting in the mother’s blood. Because of the increasing number of pregnant women coming from endemic areas for malaria, an accurate anamnesis of infant’s mother, and the inclusion of Plasmodium spp. research into TORCH screenings for mother-infant pair at birth, aiming at reducing morbidity and mortality associated to the disease might be suitable.

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“…Findings from previous studies demonstrated that serum iron reduction among HIV-malaria co-infected patients compared to HIV-seropositive malaria negative individuals, similar to what was observed among asymptomatic HIV-malaria co-infected patients, and unlike among symptomatic HIV-malaria co-infected individuals (Onyenekwe et al, 2008). A relatively lower albumin concentration was reported by Gossele et al 2007 among HIV positive patients (Gossele, Onwuliri, & Onwuliri, 2007), while congenital malaria was observed among new-borns of co-infected mothers (Eki-Udoko, Sadoh, Ibadin, & Omoigberale, 2017). Notable impacts of malaria on biochemical indicators were observed among HIV positive patients with a rapid reduction of serum iron (Onyenekwe et al, 2007).…”

Section: Effect Of Hiv-malaria Co-infection In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 97%

Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Malaria Co-Infection in Nigeria: A Review of Published Literature

Alaofin¹,

Naidoo²

2019

GJHS

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Background: Human immunodeficiency virus and malaria are significant global health challenges. Both diseases contribute to the global burden of disease and poverty notable amongst low-income countries, including sub-Sahara Africa and Nigeria. There are little or no available review articles on the prevailing epidemiological data on human immunodeficiency virus and malaria interaction in Nigeria. Aim: This literature review aims to update knowledge on human immunodeficiency virus and malaria co-infection and determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and malaria from published literature. Method: This work reviewed published articles on human immunodeficiency virus/malaria co-infection published in English in PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. An internet search on Google Scholar was also conducted for studies that were conducted between 2007 and 2017 in Nigeria. Result: The literature review indicated that the highest prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and malaria co-infection in Nigeria is 86.2%. The mean ± SD among the HIV-malaria co-infected group and the negative malaria group in all of Nigeria’s geo-political zones are 36.6 ± 25.5 and 19.5 ± 15.3, respectively. The highest mean prevalence of 64.5% was reported in human immunodeficiency virus patients co-infected with malaria in the northwest zone. The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy is also associated with a reduced mean positive prevalence of 31.26%. Conclusion: Human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals across all the geopolitical zones in Nigeria are at high risk of malaria. Findings from this review of literature will provide additional information on HIV-malaria co-infection prevalence and guide public health prevention, control and management practice.

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Prevalence of congenital malaria in newborns of mothers co-infected with HIV and malaria in Benin city

Abstract: Babies born to mothers co-infected with HIV and malaria are at increased risk for CM. All babies born by HIV positive mothers should be screened for CM.

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Global HIV neurology

Global HIV neurology

Challenging diagnosis of congenital malaria in non-endemic areas

Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Malaria Co-Infection in Nigeria: A Review of Published Literature

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