Prevalence of Comorbidities and Associated Factors among HIV Patients Attending Antiretroviral Clinics in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana

Abstract

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a chronic infectious disease, and without antiretroviral therapy (ART), it is associated with comorbidities. The prevalence of comorbidities, adherence to ART and quality of life (QoL) of HIV patients were studied. A cross-sectional study design involving 360 HIV patients from two ART clinics across the Tamale metropolis was employed. Socio-demography, adherence to therapy, and QoL data were taken with the help of a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 24. The prevalence of comorbidities was 30.3% (109), with Hepatitis B infection (73, 20.3%) being the most prevalent. Adherence levels were high (192, 53.3%), moderate (108, 30.0%) and low (60, 16.7%). Overall, QoL was excellent amongst 149 (41.4%), good in 169 (46.7%), and poor in 42 (11.7%) respondents. Marital status, presence or absence of HIV symptoms, adherence level to ART and overall QoL, especially Physical, Psychological, and independence domains (p < 0.05), were factors associated with the presence of comorbidities. There is a high level of comorbidities among persons living with HIV (PLWH) in the Tamale metropolis influenced by QoL and adherence to ART. We recommend a multifaceted approach to the management of PLWH.

Non-communicable diseases comorbidity among HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Sidama Region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

“…This nding is consistent with the studies conducted in Ethiopia and other countries. It is consistent with the study conducted in Southern Ethiopia (21.9% (95% CI: 18.3-25.4%) [20], South Africa (23.59% and 22.6%) [8, 10], Malawi (26.6%) [9] and Ghana (30.2%) [21]. The similarity in ndings might be attributed to similar methodologies using cross-sectional design, similar diagnostic methods, similar HIV treatment protocols or ART programs, or the widespread impact of HIV and NCDs.…”

Comorbidities and factors associated with health-related quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS in Gandaki Province of Nepal

“…Across the globe, different co-morbidities are prevalent among HIV patients. Tuberculosis, diabetes as co-morbid conditions have been prominent diseases among HIV patients in different countries [39][40][41][42]. In our study, hypertension, diabetes, tuberculosis, and Hepatitis B were found to be signi cant co-morbidities.…”

Highlights on the Development, Related Patents, and Prospects of Lenacapavir: The First-in-Class HIV-1 Capsid Inhibitor for the Treatment of Multi-Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Infection

“…HIV-1 is the causative agent for AIDS, which makes them highly susceptible to fatal and opportunistic infections and other diseases, including opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis (TB), hypertension, hepatitis, lipidemia, diabetes, asthma, and mental health issues [ 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. The accompanied diseases make HIV treatment complex and warrant drug interaction studies (drug–drug, drug-food, and drug-disease interaction) [ 69 ].…”