Prevalence of common mental disorders in widowhood: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Kristiansen, Christina Blanner; Kjær, Jesper; Hjorth, Peter; Andersen, Kjeld; Prina, Matthew

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.088

Cited by 45 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…The protocol was developed guided by Standards for Systematic Reviews by the Institute of Medicine and the PRISMA-P checklist [21][22][23]. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO prior to conducting the systematic review and can be accessed at http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prosp ero/displ ay_recor d.php?Recor dID=65197 [24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data were extracted by the first author according to the pre-specified form in the study protocol [24]. For control, a second reviewer independently extracted data from a random sample of 10% (n = 12) of all papers screened relevant for inclusion during the full-text screening.…”

Section: Data Extraction and Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Death of a spouse is a major life event associated with a high prevalence of common mental disorders, including anxiety and depressive disorders [1,2]. Two systematic review and meta-analyses have shown that the overall prevalence of depression in widowhood is about 17-20% when using full diagnostic criteria [1,2]. In epidemiologic studies of widowed people in the community, the prevalence of depressive symptoms according to depression screening scales range between 7% in the lower and 88% in the upper end [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In epidemiologic studies of widowed people in the community, the prevalence of depressive symptoms according to depression screening scales range between 7% in the lower and 88% in the upper end [3,4]. A recent meta-analysis shows that the pooled prevalence estimate of depression in widowhood is as high as 40% when using screening scales [1]. In comparison, the pooled prevalence estimate of depression in the background population in the community is 8.5% and 17%, respectively, depending on whether full diagnostic criteria or screening scales are used [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The association of time since spousal loss and depression in widowhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Kristiansen

Kjær

Hjorth

et al. 2019

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the association of the prevalence of depression and time since spousal loss in widowed people. Methods The databases MEDLINE, Embase and PsycInfo were searched (May 2017) for papers reporting on time since spousal loss in widowed people and the prevalence of common mental disorders. A systematic review was conducted according to MOOSE guidelines. Random effects meta-analyses of the prevalence of depression were conducted by intervals of time since spousal loss. Results The literature search identified 12,982 studies of which 22 were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review. Of these, 14 were furthermore eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The summary estimates found in the meta-analysis for the prevalence of depression in the intervals of time since spousal loss were: ≤ 1 month: 38.2% (21.9-55.8%); > 1 month to 3 months: 25.0% (17.3-33.5%); > 3 months to 6 months: 23.1% (18.0-28.7%); > 6 months to 12 months: 19.4% (15.2-24.0%); > 12 months to 18 months: 11.1% (5.3-18.7%); > 18 months to 24 months: 15.2% (12.3-18.2%); > 24 months to 60 months: 10.5% (4.3-18.5%). Conclusion Widowhood is associated with a high prevalence of depression and the study identifies a population group needing special attention in daily clinical practice. The prevalence is highest in the first month of widowhood, however, continues to be high at least 5 years into widowhood.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Extraction and Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The association of time since spousal loss and depression in widowhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Kristiansen

Kjær

Hjorth

et al. 2019

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Assessing the validity and reliability of the International Anxiety Questionnaire and the International Depression Questionnaire in two bereaved national samples

Hyland,

Redican,

Karatzias

et al. 2023

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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The International Anxiety Questionnaire (IAQ) and International Depression Questionnaire (IDQ) are self‐report measures of ICD‐11 Generalized Anxiety Disorder (ICD‐11 GAD) and ICD‐11 Single Episode Depressive Disorder (ICD‐11 DD). This study tested the psychometric properties of these scales in two samples of bereaved adults from the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the combined dimensionality and measurement invariance of the IAQ and IDQ across the United Kingdom (n = 1012) and Irish (n = 1011) samples. Differential item functioning (DIF) was tested using multiple indicator multiple cause (MIMIC) modelling while convergent validity was also assessed. CFA results supported a correlated two‐factor model in both samples. The MIMIC model showed that the IDQ item “Had recurrent thoughts of death or suicide” showed DIF and the effect was small. Internal reliability of the scales were high and convergent validity was supported. The prevalence of ICD‐11 GAD was 18.6% and 16.1% and ICD‐11 DD was 13.8% and 10.5% in the United Kingdom and Irish samples, respectively. Findings of the study provide support for the validity, measurement invariance, and reliability of the IAQ and IDQ among two bereaved national samples.

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Psychological symptoms in widowed parents with minor children, 2–4 years after the loss of a partner to cancer

et al. 2021

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Objectives This study aimed to explore psychological symptoms in widowed parents with minor children, 2–4 years after the death of their partner. A second aim was to examine the associations between psychological symptoms and nonmodifiable and modifiable illness and healthcare‐related factors. Methods A cross‐sectional survey study on widowed parents with minor children after the loss of a partner to cancer. In total, 42 parents completed an online questionnaire including instruments for assessing symptoms of anxiety, depression, grief rumination, prolonged grief, and posttraumatic stress. Descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation coefficients, Mann–Whitney U tests and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to analyze differences in symptomology based on modifiable and nonmodifiable factors. Results Parents reported moderate–severe symptoms of anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and depression. Reporting having received more information during the partner's illness regarding how the illness could affect the partner's somatic and psychological health and where to turn for support were associated with fewer psychological symptoms. Conclusions A substantial proportion of widowed parents with minor children reported a moderate–severe symptom burden regarding depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress, and less so with prolonged grief symptoms. This study also highlighted the value of receiving information from healthcare personnel regarding the somatic and psychological effects of a partner's illness and where widowed parents can turn for support.

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Prevalence of common mental disorders in widowhood: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 45 publications

References 71 publications

The association of time since spousal loss and depression in widowhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The association of time since spousal loss and depression in widowhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Assessing the validity and reliability of the International Anxiety Questionnaire and the International Depression Questionnaire in two bereaved national samples

Psychological symptoms in widowed parents with minor children, 2–4 years after the loss of a partner to cancer

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