Prevalence of common mental disorders in general practice attendees across Europe

King, Michael; Nazareth, Irwin; Levy, Gus; Walker, Carl; Morris, Richard W; Weich, Scott; Bellon-Saameno, Juan Angel; Moreno, B.; Švab, Igor; Rotar, Danica; Rifel, Janez; Maaroos, Heidi‐Ingrid; Aluoja, Anu; Kalda, Ruth; Neeleman, Jan; Geerlings, Mirjam I.; Xavier, Miguel; Almeida, Jorge; Corrêa, Bernardo; Torres-González, Francisco

doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.039966

Cited by 232 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These figures are lower than those reported in the United States (US), where lifetime and annual prevalence rates for these disorders have been reported to be 29% and 11%, respectively (n = 9,282) (Kessler et al, 2005). However, King et al (2008) found no differences in the prevalence of anxiety disorders in the United Kingdom (UK) and Spain, the two countries with the highest prevalence rates in Europe. Despite the differences in prevalence rates among countries, there is little doubt that anxiety disorders are highly prevalent in Europe and more needs to be done to improve both detection and treatment.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Screening for generalized anxiety disorder in Spanish primary care centers with the GAD-7

Muñoz-Navarro

Vindel

Moriana

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Research

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The aim of the study was to determine the criterion validity of a computerized version of the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire to detect general anxiety disorder 1 These authors contributed the same to this work 2 These authors contributed the same to this work in Spanish primary care centers. A total of 178 patients completed the GAD-7 and were administered the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, which was used as a reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated. A cut-off of 10 yielded a sensitivity of .87, a specificity of .78, a positive predictive value of .93, a negative predictive value of .64, a positive likelihood ratio of 3.96 a negative likelihood ratio of .17 and Younden's Index of .65. The GAD-7 performed very well with a cut-off value of 10, the most frequently used cut-off point. Thus, a computerized version of the GAD-7 is an excellent screening tool for detecting general anxiety disorder in Spanish primary care settings.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Screening for generalized anxiety disorder in Spanish primary care centers with the GAD-7

Muñoz-Navarro

Vindel

Moriana

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Research

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“…Local primary care studies linked depression and anxiety to younger ages 44,45 . A European study among general practice attendees showed that the peak age for major depression is young adulthood and the peak age for anxiety-spectrum disorders is midlife although the prevalence rates vary significantly among European nations 14 . Worldwide, half of all lifetime mental disorders in most studies begin by the mid-teens, and three-quarters begin by the mid-20s; severe disorders are typically preceded by less severe episodes that are rarely brought to clinical attention 46 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A WHO study observed that the prevalence of having any psychiatric disorder in the previous year varied widely, from 4.3% in Shanghai to 26.4% in the United States 7 . Even among similar European nations, the prevalence of some mental illnesses differs from one country to another 14 . One US study indicated that no more than 41% of mature Americans who had a mental illnesses received mental health services in 2012 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of psychiatric diagnoses in inpatient and outpatient psychiatric settings in Saudi Arabia

Alosaimi

Alzain²,

Asiri³

et al. 2017

Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (São Paulo)

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Objective: This study aimed to explore the current patterns of psychiatric diagnoses in inpatient and outpatient psychiatric settings in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted on patients seeking psychiatric advice at six hospitals in the five main regions of Saudi Arabia. The data were primarily obtained by reviewing patient charts. Results: Total of 1,205 patients were recruited. The majority was unemployed (71.4%), had a low level of education (85.5%), and had low income (61.9%). The most common psychiatric diagnoses among inpatients were schizophrenia (55.8%), bipolar disorder (23.3%) and major depressive disorder (7.2%). The most common psychiatric diagnoses among outpatients were major depressive disorder (29.3%), schizophrenia (28.9%), generalized anxiety disorder (15.6%) and bipolar disorder (11.5%). Primary psychotic disorders and secondary psychiatric disorders were significantly more frequent among men whereas primary bipolar disorders and depressive disorders were significantly more frequent among women in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Psychotic and bipolar disorders were significantly more frequent among younger patients whereas depressive disorders were significantly more frequent among older patients; anxiety disorders were of similar frequency in all age groups. Discussion: The most common psychiatric diagnoses among inpatients were schizophrenia and bipolar disorder whereas the most common psychiatric diagnoses among outpatients were major depressive disorder and schizophrenia.Alosaimi FD et al. / Arch Clin Psychiatry. 2017;44(3):77-83

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“…[1][2][3] The study on Psychological Problems in General Health Care (PPGHC), conducted across 14 countries, found that 14% of primary care attendees suffered from major depression; 4 a more recent study in six European countries found a lower rate of 8.5% in men. 5 Across all settings, best estimates for major depressive disorder are a 1-year prevalence rate of 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.4% to 6.2%), a lifetime risk of 6.7% (95%CI = 4.2% to 10.1%), and an incidence rate of about 9% over 12 months. 6 However, it should be noted that there are international differences in the epidemiology of depression, especially when comparing developing (low-income) with developed (high-income) societies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International comparison of clinicians' ability to identify depression in primary care: meta-analysis and meta-regression of predictors

Mitchell¹,

Rao²,

Vaze³

2011

Br J Gen Pract

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A meta-analysis of unassisted clinical diagnoses against semi-structured interviews. MethodA systematic literature search, critical appraisal, and pooled analysis were conducted and 25 international studies were identified involving 8917 individuals. A minimum of three independent studies per country were required to aid extrapolation. ResultsClinicians in the Netherlands performed best at case finding (the ability to rule in cases of depression with minimal false positives) (AUC+ 0.735) and this was statistically significantly better than the ability of clinicians in Australia (AUC+ 0.622) and the US (AUC+ 0.653), who were the worst performers. Clinicians from Italy had intermediate case-finding abilities. Regarding screening (the ability to rule out cases of no depression with minimal false negatives) there were no strong differences. Looking at overall accuracy, primary care physicians in Italy and the Netherlands were most successful in their diagnoses and physicians from the US and Australia least successful (83.5%, 81.9%, 74.3%, and 67.0%, respectively). GPs in the UK appeared to have the lowest ability to detect depression, as a proportion of all cases of depression (45.6%; 95% CI = 27.7% to 64.2%). Several factors influenced detection accuracy including: collecting data on clinical outcomes; routinely comparing the clinical performance of staff; working in small practices; and having long waits to see a specialist. ConclusionAssuming these differences are representative, there appear to be international variations in the ability of primary care physicians to diagnose depression, but little differences in screening success. These might be explained by organisational factors.

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Prevalence of common mental disorders in general practice attendees across Europe

Cited by 232 publications

References 21 publications

Screening for generalized anxiety disorder in Spanish primary care centers with the GAD-7

Screening for generalized anxiety disorder in Spanish primary care centers with the GAD-7

Patterns of psychiatric diagnoses in inpatient and outpatient psychiatric settings in Saudi Arabia

International comparison of clinicians' ability to identify depression in primary care: meta-analysis and meta-regression of predictors

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