Prevalence of Colistin Resistance in Escherichia coli in Eastern Turkey and Genomic Characterization of an mcr-1 Positive Strain from Retail Chicken Meat

Proteolytic activities and safety use of Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from Turkish White Pickled Cheese and milk samples

“…The emergence of antibiotic resistance is thought to be due to the use of them for treatment or prophylaxis purposes in animals and humans. Therefore, there is a surging trend to limit the use of antibiotics in food animals and human medicine worldwide (Adıguzel et al, 2020). Antimicrobial susceptibility of E. faecalis strains was determined using disk diffusion methods according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2019) guidelines with 12 commercial discs (Table 2).…”

Prevalence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in foods and food-producing animals through the food chain: A worldwide systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The direct hazard (regardless of the resistance mechanisms involved) is related to the potential presence on food of colistin-resistant pathogenic E. coli , which can eventually infect a human being after food ingestion or poor food manipulation practices [ 34 ]. In this sense, studies suggest an epidemiological relationship between E. coli , carriers of virulence genes and mcr-1 genes isolated from food, humans, and animals, suggesting potential exposure to these bacteria via contaminated food [ 38 , 50 ]. The indirect danger arises through the existence of resistance genes that can be transferred horizontally between commensal bacteria and the main pathogens in the human microbiome when conditions are given [ 34 , 59 , 60 ].…”

“…Although the mcr-1 gene has been detected mainly in E. coli , other Enterobacteriaceae genera, such as Salmonella , Shigella , Klebsiella and Enterobacter carry this gene [ 36 ]. In this sense, the mcr-1 gene has been reported in various plasmid backbones (IncI2, IncHI 2, IncP, IncX4, IncFI, and IncFIB) [ 29 , 35 , 37 , 38 ], all of which are known to be vehicles disseminating antibiotic resistance genes among Enterobacteriaceae . The mcr-1 gene could also be mobilized with other mobile genetic elements like transposons and integrons carrying multidrug resistance determinants [ 39 ].…”

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli from retail meat and workers: genetic diversity, virulotyping, pathotyping and the antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles

“…This suggests that the use of extended-spectrum cephalosporins may have contributed to the dissemination of mcr -1 [ 86 , 87 ]. A study conducted in Turkey revealed a close genetic relationship between mcr -1 genes found in chicken meat and isolates of human origin, indicating the emergence and spread of mcr -mediated colistin resistance in E. coli across various sources with zoonotic potential in the food chain [ 88 ].…”