Prevalence of cognitive impairment in major depression and bipolar disorder

Douglas, Katie; Gallagher, Peter; Robinson, Linda; Carter, Janet D.; McIntosh, Virginia V.W.; Frampton, Christopher; Watson, Stuart; Young, Allan H.; Ferrier, I. Nicol; Porter, Richard

doi:10.1111/bdi.12602

Cited by 119 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Response in this case is less likely to be biologically determined and therefore, less likely to be influenced by cognitive impairment. Secondly, a related issue is that in mild to moderate depression, the percentage of patients who have cognitive impairment is relatively low (78); hence, using such a sample will likely dilute findings (see below). Thirdly, in milder depression, the range of possible change on depression rating scales is smaller, which ultimately reduces the likelihood of finding an association between baseline cognitive functioning and change in depressive symptomatology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the reviewed studies had control participants and indeed found a difference between controls and the group overall (20, 79), but this does not mean that all, or even a high percentage of patients, were impaired (78). It is likely that studies including more severely unwell patients have a higher percentage of patients with significant cognitive impairment and are therefore, more likely to show an association with response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of Cognitive Predictors of Treatment Outcome in Major Depression

2018

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Background: Research suggests that only 50% of patients with major depression respond to psychotherapy or pharmacological treatment, and relapse is common. Therefore, there is interest in elucidating factors that help predict clinical response. Cognitive impairment is a key feature of depression, which often persists beyond remission; thus, the aim of this systematic review was to determine whether baseline cognitive functioning can predict treatment outcomes in individuals with depression.Method: Studies examining cognitive predictors of treatment response in depression were identified using Pub Med and Web of Science databases. Given the heterogeneity of outcome measures, the variety of treatment protocols, and the differing ways in which data was presented and analyzed, a narrative rather than meta-analytic review technique was used.Results: 39 studies met inclusion criteria. Findings in younger adult samples were inconclusive. There was some evidence for a predictive effect of executive function and to a lesser extent, psychomotor speed, on treatment response. There was no evidence of learning or memory being associated with treatment response. In older-aged samples, the evidence was much more consistent, suggesting that poor executive function predicts poor response to SSRIs.Conclusions: Findings from the present review suggest that certain aspects of cognitive functioning, particularly executive function, may be useful in predicting treatment response in depression. This is certainly the case in elderly samples, with evidence suggesting that poor executive functioning predicts poor response to SSRIs. With further research, baseline cognitive functioning may serve as a factor which helps guide clinical decision making. Moreover, cognitive deficits may become targets for specific pharmacological or psychological treatments, with the hope of improving overall outcome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Cognitive Predictors of Treatment Outcome in Major Depression

2018

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“…Yet, studies comparing the cognitive functions of BD and MDD patients have not been consistent. The definition of cognitive impairment also affected the results of deficits among patients with BD or MDD . For example, it has been reported that patients with BD were more impaired, across all domains, compared with patients with MDD .…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of cognitive performance in bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, unaffected first‐degree relatives, and healthy controls

Dong

et al. 2018

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Aim The extent and specifics regarding cognitive dysfunction in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD) and their unaffected first‐degree relatives (FDR) have not been addressed in any single study. The present study compared the cognitive function of patients with BD or MDD, their FDR, and healthy control (HC) individuals. Methods The study population comprised adults (aged 18–55 years) with BD, adults with MDD, FDR (children or siblings of patients with BD or MDD), and HC (n = 105, 109, 85, and 95, respectively). The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status was used to assess neurocognitive functions, with five domains and 12 tests. A Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale brief form was applied to evaluate IQ. Status of mood was assessed using the Young Mania Rating Scale and the Hamilton Depression Scale. Results The mixed model indicated significant variation among the four groups in cognitive function. Cognitive impairments, compared to HC, progressively greater from least to most were found in: FDR, MDD, and BD (F = 32.74, P < 0.001). Years of education correlated with cognitive performance (F = 17.04, P < 0.001), as did IQ (F = 240.63, P < 0.001). The total score for the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression negatively correlated with cognitive function (F = 5.78, P = 0.017). Conclusion Among the study groups, patients with BD had the most severe deficits, followed by MDD patients and FDR. Cognitive deficits could not be associated with a specific psychiatric disorder, but differences in degree were noted.

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“…35 Patients with bipolar depression experience episodes of depression for the majority of their lives. [36][37][38] Therefore, it has been shown in the studies that body mass index [BMI], total fat mass, visceral fat, upper-middle arm circumference, waist circumference and number of total episode increases were observed as a result of low physical activity and irregular nutrition, while muscle mass decreased. [38][39][40] Most of these findings are also seen in elderly patients with sarcopenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>The Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Bipolar Disorder</p>

Bülbül¹,

Koca²,

Tamam³

et al. 2020

NDT

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Background: Sarcopenia (SP) is a syndrome described as generalized and progressive loss of muscle mass and strength that may cause fall, fractures, disability and death. Oxidative stress might be a probable etiologic factor in SP as well. SP is a comorbid syndrome that is seen in chronic illnesses. If these two considerations are taken together, one may also think that SP could be also seen in bipolar disorder (BD), because it is a chronic disorder and oxidative stress was related to both illnesses. In our study, we proposed to investigate the prevalence of SP in BD patients. Methods: We recruited 111 consecutive BD patients who registered in Mood Disorders Unit of Çukurova University. Blood tests were taken from patients to exclude the possible confounding factor related to SP. Socio-demographic variable forms were filled out. Every patient underwent physical mass, strength, and performance tests for the diagnosis of SP, which was determined by the criteria of European consensus. Results: The mean age of the patients was 38.00 ±11.44 years (18-68). Among the participants 69 (62.2%) were female, and 42 (37.8%) were male. Pre-SP was 6.3% (n=7), SP was 9.0% (n=10), and severe SP was 1.8% (n=2) in BD patients. The prevalence of pre-SP, SP and severe SP in BD patients was 7.1%, 16.7% and 2.4% in men and 5.8%, 4.3% and 1.4% in women, respectively. Although it was not marginally significant, a difference was observed in SP patients as they had more median psychotic features and median number of episodes per year for BD. Conclusion: This is the first study that investigated SP in BD patients. Sarcopenia was found more frequently in BD patients than in the general population.

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Prevalence of cognitive impairment in major depression and bipolar disorder

Cited by 119 publications

References 47 publications

A Systematic Review of Cognitive Predictors of Treatment Outcome in Major Depression

A Systematic Review of Cognitive Predictors of Treatment Outcome in Major Depression

Comparison of cognitive performance in bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, unaffected first‐degree relatives, and healthy controls

<p>The Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Bipolar Disorder</p>

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