Prevalence of clonorchiasis in patients with gastrointestinal disease: A Korean nationwide multicenter survey

Abstract

Infection rate of clonorchiasis was still high in patients with gastrointestinal diseases in Korea, and has not decreased very much during the last two decades. Cholangiocarcinoma was related to clonorchiasis, which suggested an etiological role for the parasite.

Where do poly(vinyl alcohol) based membranes stand in relation to Nafion® for direct methanol fuel cell applications?

“…The water swelling and proton conductivity of the hybrid membrane with Clay 30B are affected by organic modifier of Clay 30B. The membrane with Clay 30B has shown the highest water swelling and proton conductivity [112]. Novel modified chitosan (NCBC)-silica-PVA nanocomposite membranes with varied NCBC-silica content and cross linking density have been prepared, in which highly acidic eSO 3 H groups are grafted on the inorganic segment (less swellable) while less acidiceCOOH groups are grafted on the organic segment (high swellable) for achieving highly proton conductive and stable polyelectrolyte membranes [113].…”

“…General analysis of PVA based membranes with respect to Nafion Ò PVA based membranes and other composite membranes give the flexibility on the inclusion of proton-conducting materials and hence are amenable for control of thermal and mechanical behavior of the membrane [55]. The size and shape control of the proton-conducting material is possible in these membranes while in Nafion, the proton is stitched to the film forming polymer architecture [112,119].…”

“…It is found that the methanol permeability of the PVA/ntTiO2/PSSA composite membranes (on the order of 10 À7 cm 2 s À1 ) is lower than that of Nafion 117 membrane (on the order of 10 À6 cm 2 s À1 ) [111]. PVA/PSSA_MA/Clay hybrid membranes containing sulfonic acid and carboxylic acid groups were synthesized [112]. Sulfonic acid groups are introduced into the PVA matrix by esterification with poly (styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSSA-MA).…”

Candidate genes involving in tumorigenesis of cholangiocarcinoma induced by Opisthorchis viverrini infection

“…As the second most common primary hepatic malignancy, its incidence and mortality rates are increasing worldwide in recent decades (Khan et al 2005;Ustundag and Bayraktar 2008;Mosconi et al 2009). Many risk factors contribute to CCA development, including primary sclerosing cholangitis (Abbas and Lindor 2009), congenital biliary cystic diseases, liver cirrhosis, and viral infections (Su et al 1997), exposed thorotrast and nitrosamine (Mitacek et al 1999a;Lipshutz et al 2002), and parasitic liver diseases such as Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) and Clornorchis sinensis (IARC 1994;Kim et al 2009). …”

Choledocholithiasis Without Cholelithiasis: Should the Gallbladder Stay or Should It Go?

“…These stones, composed of calcium bilirubinate, may account for up to 30 % of ductal stones in these regions and are associated with recurrent cholangitis, biliary cirrhosis, and cholangiocarcinoma [6]. The precise etiology is unknown, but infection of the bile ducts by parasites such as liver flukes (e.g., Clonorchis sinensis) and parasitic worms is thought to be contributory.…”