Prevalence of cleft lip-alveolo-palate in pediatric patients at the Vicente Corral Moscoso hospital, period 2016-2020

Abstract

Cleft lip-alveolar-palatal fissures (FLAP) are one of the most frequent congenital malformations nationwide. Its etiology is complex and both genetic and environmental factors are directly associated with a higher number of births with this anomaly. The aim of this work is to determine the prevalence of FLAP in pediatric patients of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital in the city of Cuenca in the period 2016-2020. For this purpose, the collection of medical records of patients with FLAP under 17 years of age between the period of 2016 to 2020 was carried out. The data obtained from the 582 records, were subjected to statistical analysis using the computer program IBM SPSS Statistics version 20; gender, age range, type and location of the fissure were analyzed. The results showed that 69.6% of the study sample belonged to the male gender and 30.4% to the female gender. The highest prevalence in age corresponds to the year with a percentage of 24.7%. According to its location, the most common type of cleft corresponds to the mixed cleft with 43.13%; and finally, according to the type, cleft of the hard palate and soft palate with unilateral cleft lip was the one with the most reported cases with a percentage corresponding to 24.2%.