Prevalence of CKD and Its Relationship to eGFR-Related Genetic Loci and Clinical Risk Factors in the SardiNIA Study Cohort

Abstract

The prevalence of CKD and of renal failure vary worldwide, yet parallel increases in leading risk factors explain only part of the differential prevalence. We measured CKD prevalence and eGFR, and their relationship with traditional and additional risk factors, in a Sardinian founder population cohort. The eGFR was calculated using equations from the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease studies. With use of the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines, a cross-sectional analysis of 4842 individuals showed that CKD prevalence was 15.1%, including 3.6% of patients in the high-risk and 0.46% in the very-high-risk categories. Longitudinal analyses performed on 4074 of these individuals who completed three visits with an average follow-up of 7 years revealed that, consistent with other populations, average eGFR slope was 20.79 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 per year, but 11.4% of the participants had an eGFR decline .2.3 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 per year (fast decline). A genetic score was generated from 13 reported eGFR-and CKDrelated loci, and univariable and multivariable analyses were applied to assess the relationship between clinical, ultrasonographic, and genetic variables with three outcomes: CKD, change in eGFR, and fast eGFR decline. Genetic risk score, older age, and female sex independently correlated with each outcome. Diabetes was associated with CKD prevalence, whereas hypertension and hyperuricemia correlated more strongly with fast eGFR decline. Diabetes, hypertension, hyperuricemia, and high baseline eGFR were associated with a decline of eGFR. Along with differential health practices, population variations in this spectrum of risk factors probably contributes to the variable CKD prevalence worldwide.

Additive effect of polymorphisms in the β2‐adrenoceptor and NADPH oxidase p22 phox genes contributes to the loss of estimated glomerular filtration rate in Chinese

“…Gene-gene interactions, rather than a single polymorphism, deserve more attention because the reduction in eGFR is controlled by multiple genes, and various biological pathways are involved. 24 Conspicuously, this notion was supported by the results of the multiple regression analysis in the present study. In this context, interactions between genes are believed to be the norm rather than the exception 25 and the MDR method was used for investigative purposes.…”

Glomerular Filtration Rate in Healthy Living Potential Kidney Donors: A Meta-Analysis Supporting the Construction of the Full Age Spectrum Equation

“…Fourth, all the studies included in this metaanalysis are cross-sectional. Therefore, the mean decline in mGFR in ml/min/1.73 m 2 /year described here (-0.89 ml/min/1.73 m 2 /year between 35 and 75 years), even if not very different from few available data in longitudinal studies, must be interpreted with caution [44][45][46] . Lastly, the current meta-analysis does not allow the investigation of the Scr dependency in the eGFR equations, which is also different between the FAS and CKD-EPI equations.…”

Inhibition of SET Domain–Containing Lysine Methyltransferase 7/9 Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis

“…CKD is estimated to occur in 13%-15% of the population in developed countries 1,2 and is thus recognized as a worldwide health problem. 3 Importantly, CKD is responsible for progression to kidney failure 4 and is linked to substantial disease burden, as evidenced by increased morbidity and mortality.…”