Prevalence of Chronic Sputum and Associated Factors in Korean Adults

Lee, Bo Ram; Kim, Yu Il; Kim, Sunmin; Lee, Ho Sung; Yoon, Seong Hoon; Yu, Jin Yeong; Ban, Hee Jung; Kwon, Yong Soo; Oh, In Jae; Kim, Kyu Sik; Kim, Young Chul; Lim, Sung Chul

doi:10.3346/jkms.2014.29.6.825

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In the present study, frequencies of sputum production were 32.0% at baseline and 34.5% at follow-up, both of which are greater than the reported prevalence of chronic sputum production (1.2–11.9%) [ 2 , 4 , 18 ]. This difference may be due to differences in how sputum production is defined.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

“…Consistently, this study showed that OR of GERD for sputum production at baseline was 1.92 (95% CI 1.73–2.13). Furthermore, when persistence of sputum production was assessed in a longitudinal manner, frequency of persistent sputum production was 19.4%, with GERD at baseline contributing significantly and independently from known risk factors of older age, male sex and smoking history [ 2 , 4 , 18 ]. There was also a corresponding increase in the frequency of persistent sputum production and persistent symptoms due to GERD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to previous epidemiological studies, male sex, smoking history, and low socioeconomic status [ 1 , 2 , 4 ] are the established risk factors for sputum production. Recent studies have shown that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common comorbidity associated with exacerbations of lower airway diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [ 5 – 7 ] and asthma [ 8 – 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a risk factor for sputum production in the general population: the Nagahama study

et al. 2021

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Background Chronic sputum production in the general population is historically associated with clinical indices including male sex and smoking history. However, its relationship with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which may prove an underlying factor in sputum production, is unclear. We aimed to clarify factors associated with sputum production in the general population in cross-sectional and longitudinal manners. Methods In the Nagahama study, a community-based cohort study, 9804 subjects were recruited between 2008 and 2010 (baseline assessment), 8293 of whom were followed from 2013 to 2015 (follow-up assessment). This study contained a self-completed questionnaire which included medical history, assessment of sputum production, and a frequency scale for symptoms of GERD. A Frequency Scale for Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease score of ≥ 8 was defined as GERD. In addition to the frequency of sputum production at each assessment, frequency of persistent sputum production defined as sputum production at both assessments was examined. Results Frequency of sputum production was 32.0% at baseline and 34.5% at follow-up. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that sputum production at baseline was significantly associated with GERD [odds ratio (OR), 1.92; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.73–2.13] and post-nasal drip (PND) (OR, 2.40; 95% CI 2.15–2.68), independent of other known factors such as older age, male sex and smoking history. These associations between sputum production and GERD or PND were also observed at follow-up. In longitudinal analysis, 19.4% had persistent sputum production and 12.3% had transient sputum production, i.e., at baseline only. Multivariable analysis for risk of persistence of sputum production revealed that persistent sputum production was associated with GERD and PND, in addition to the known risk factors listed above. The proportion of subjects with GERD at both assessments was highest among subjects with persistent sputum production. Conclusions Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis demonstrated an association in the general population between sputum production and GERD, as well as PND, independent of known risk factors. The presence of GERD should be assessed in patients complaining of sputum production.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a risk factor for sputum production in the general population: the Nagahama study

et al. 2021

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“…Among the patients with TB, active TA trended toward being more common in The present study demonstrates that amongst patients with TA, those with TB accounted for 17.7 %. In Korea, however, 5.5-5.8 % of the general population has a history of TB, as shown in studies in 2013 and 2014 which were based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [18,19]. In addition, a study reported in 2010 showed similar findings in which people with evidence of previous TB on chest radiography accounted for 8.0 % of the general population [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Comparison of clinical characteristics in patients with Takayasu arteritis with and without concomitant tuberculosis

et al. 2015

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Because of frequent tuberculosis in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA), a possible relationship between TA and tuberculosis has been proposed. However, there are no studies to date that have examined clinical manifestations in patients diagnosed with TA with or without tuberculosis. Two hundred sixty-seven patients were diagnosed with TA according to the 1990 American College of Rheumatology criteria between September 1994 and April 2014. Patients with TA were classified into groups with or without tuberculosis. Among the 267 patients with TA studied, 47 patients (17.7 %) who had a history of previous treatment of tuberculosis (34 patients), concurrent diagnosis of tuberculosis with TA (10 patients), or diagnosis of tuberculosis during the follow-up period for TA (3 patients) were included in the group with tuberculosis. The group with tuberculosis comprised of 33 patients (70.2 %) with pulmonary tuberculosis, 12 patients (25.5 %) with tuberculous lymphadenitis, and 2 patients (4.3 %) with tuberculosis of the skin and colon, respectively. Comorbid disease and patients' signs and symptoms were not significantly different between TA patients with and without tuberculosis. Additionally, the site of disease involvement in angiographic findings and distribution of angiographic type were similar between the two groups. In conclusion, tuberculosis including tuberculous lymphadenitis was frequently observed in patients with TA. Clinical features and angiographic findings in TA were not different according to the presence or absence of concomitant tuberculosis.

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“…Furthermore, male sex, hypertension, urban life, and hypertriglyceridemia were positively associated with early COPD. First, in terms of sex, chronic sputum production, which represents the early development of COPD, 18 is more prevalent in men than in women, 20 and this may partially explain the observed finding, although complex underpinnings of the sex difference exist in COPD development. Second, considering an intricate relationship between hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and COPD, the observed positive association may be plausible, which is in line with the report of a previous study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Characteristics and Prevalence of Early Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Middle-Aged Population: Results from a Nationwide-Representative Sample

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

2021

COPD

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Prevalence of Chronic Sputum and Associated Factors in Korean Adults

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a risk factor for sputum production in the general population: the Nagahama study

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a risk factor for sputum production in the general population: the Nagahama study

Comparison of clinical characteristics in patients with Takayasu arteritis with and without concomitant tuberculosis

Characteristics and Prevalence of Early Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Middle-Aged Population: Results from a Nationwide-Representative Sample

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