Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its associated factors among adults in Abeshge District, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

Abstract

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the major public health problems worldwide. Despite an increasing burden of COPD in the world, it is often a neglected disease in low income countries and COPD prevalence studies are rare in Sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of COPD and its associated factors among adults in Ethiopia. Methods A community based cross sectional study was conducted from February 5 to May 20, 2019 in Abeshge district, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 734 adults aged at least 30 years were selected using multistage cluster sampling technique and included in the study. All participants were interviewed about socio-demographic characteristics, respiratory symptoms, smoking status and clinical characteristics. Moreover, all participants underwent spirometry. We defined COPD as a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC of less than 70%. Data were entered into Epi-data manager 4.4 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis were used and p-value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results Of the 779 adults invited to participate, 734 adults (421 men and 313 women) were participated in this study. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 39.15 (± 9.36) years, within the age range of 30–75 years. The prevalence of COPD was 17.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.1–20.6). Factors significantly associated with COPD were age above 50 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.91, 95% CI [1.10, 3.30]), being smoker (AOR = 4.54, 95% CI [2.69, 7.66]), Exposed to biomass smoke (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI [1.06, 3.95]) and poor ventilated kitchen (AOR = 4.12, 95% CI [2.67, 6.34]). Conclusion It is evident from this study that the prevalence of COPD in Ethiopia is high. Factors such as old age, cigarette smoking, exposure to biomass smoke and poor kitchen ventilation plays a role in the development of COPD.

Assessment of dust exposure and chronic respiratory symptoms among workers in medium scale woodwork factories in Ethiopia; a cross sectional study

“…The finding of the present study revealed that using bio-fuel, as energy for cooking was also significantly associated with chronic respiratory symptoms among woodworkers. This result was in agreement with a previous studies conducted in Ethiopia and Nepal [32,36]. The reason might be due to the higher risk for serious health outcomes of biofuels for cooking and heating as compared with those who use cleaner energy for cooking.…”

“…This difference could also be due to the high concentration of wood dust found in the working area, absence of dust control mechanisms, and absence of proper type of RPE in the present study. The high prevalence of chronic respiratory health symptoms found in this study is also higher than the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms at a community level in Ethiopia [32]. The high prevalence 1.00 = reference value, *P < 0.2 for COR, **P < 0.05 for AOR, COR crude odds ratio, AOR adjusted odds ratio of chronic respiratory health symptoms found in the present study might also be due to a longer duration of exposure to wood dust and lack of occupational safety and health training.…”

“…The reason might be due to the higher risk for serious health outcomes of biofuels for cooking and heating as compared with those who use cleaner energy for cooking. Bio-fuel constituents have an irritation effect on the airways that causes them to thicken as a result of inflammation, oxidative lung damage, and protease/antiprotease imbalance which in turn leads to the development of chronic respiratory symptoms [32].…”

Diabetes and correlates of cardiovascular diseases among women aged 15-49 years in Benin: evidence from a Demographic and Health Survey

“…The prevalence of lung and heart diseases as observed in this study were approximately 2% each. This is similar to the 2.4% reported in Yaounde, Cameroon (30), but lower than 20.2% reported in urban and rural Uganda (31) and 17.8% reported in Abeshge District of Ethiopia (32). Reports by several researchers show that the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is the third leading cause of mortality caused by non-communicable diseases globally (10), in SSA ranges from 4.1% − 22.2% (33).…”

Early readmission and its predictors among patients treated for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive respiratory disease in Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study

“…The prevalence of COPD/asthma in Ethiopia is comparable with neighboring Sub-Saharan African countries. A prevalence rate of 17.6% was reported for COPD [47] and this is in-line with studies done in Uganda [48] and Tanzania [49]. The prevalence of asthma was reported to be 29.6% [50].…”