Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Fez, Morocco: results from the BOLD study

Abstract

These results emphasise the urgent need to take necessary measures to reduce the prevalence of tobacco smoking.

Joint statement for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for Gulf Cooperation Council countries and Middle East–North Africa region, 2017

“… 21 , 22 Three studies were based on the BOLD protocol: Al Ghobain et al in Saudi Arabia, 25 Daldoul et al in Tunisia, 30 and El Rhazi et al in Morocco. 31 The other studies have already been described herein.…”

“…Older age in some studies showed higher prevalence of COPD. 22 , 28 , 31 GOLD stage II (moderate) COPD was found to have the highest prevalence in a majority of the studies that staged the population. 22 , 31 …”

“…Based on BOLD protocol-estimated prevalence of COPD in Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, and Morocco of 7.8%, 4.2%, and 12.6%, respectively, BREATHE COPD-prevalence estimates were 3.7%, 2.4%, and 2.2%, respectively. 25 , 30 , 31 Underreporting of mild symptoms, smoking prevalence (especially in females), criteria for diagnosis of COPD in BREATHE, and differences in methodology could partially account for this difference.…”

Cohort profile: The Chikwawa lung health cohort; a population-based observational non-communicable respiratory disease study of adults in Malawi

“…The majority of the burden of NCRD mortality and morbidity is in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) [1,7], which now account for 90% of COPD deaths [8]. Several community based studies in LMIC have documented a high prevalence of abnormal lung function, both obstructive and restrictive (low lung volumes) [9][10][11][12][13][14][15], whilst several couple have documented low prevalence of COPD [16,17] but high prevalence of respiratory symptoms [17]. In contrast, very few observational cohort studies have reported and described the health and economic burden of NCRD [18,19], especially in LMIC settings.…”

Assessment of comorbidities and prognosis in patients with COPD diagnosed with the fixed ratio and the lower limit of normal: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Several studies have demonstrated that a decline of lung function is a marker for premature death, especially in cardiovascular disease [12,13]. Additionally, the criteria of FEV1/FVC<0.70 underestimates the prevalence of COPD, especially among people under 45 years of age [14,15]. Colak Y et al reported that underdiagnosis of COPD is closely related to poor prognosis, even among asymptomatic individuals [16].…”