Prevalence of chronic medical conditions among jail and prison inmates in the USA compared with the general population

Binswanger, Ingrid A.; Krueger, Patrick M.; Steiner, John F.

doi:10.1136/jech.2009.090662

Cited by 565 publications

(525 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…2 At the current rate, 1 in 15 people, and 1 in 3 black men, will be incarcerated in federal or state prisons in their lifetimes. 3 People with a history of incarceration have higher rates of chronic medical conditions [4][5][6][7] and risk of death than the general population. [8][9][10] Importantly, cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death among individuals with prior incarceration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incarceration History and Uncontrolled Blood Pressure in a Multi-Site Cohort

et al. 2016

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BACKGROUND: Incarceration is associated with increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease mortality. We used data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) to explore the impact of incarceration on blood pressure (BP) control. METHODS: Among hypertensive VACS participants, we measured the association between self-reported recent incarceration or past (not recent) history of incarceration and BP control in the year following the survey. To analyze the association between incarceration and BP control, we u s e d l o g i s t i c r e g r e s s io n m od e l s a dj u s t e d f o r sociodemographic characteristics, clinical factors (HIV status and body mass index), and behavioral factors (history of smoking, unhealthy alcohol use, illicit drug use). We explored potential mediators including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, primary care engagement, and adherence to antihypertensive medications. RESULTS: Among the 3515 eligible VACS participants, 2304 participants met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 163 (7 %) reported recent incarceration, and 904 (39 %) reported a past history of incarceration. Participants with recent or past history of incarceration were more likely to have uncontrolled BP than those without a history of incarceration (67 % vs. 56 % vs. 51 %, p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, recent incarceration (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.57 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-2.26), but not a past history of incarceration (AOR = 1.08 95 % CI: 0.90-1.30), was associated with uncontrolled BP compared with those who were never incarcerated. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with a history of hypertension, recent incarceration is associated with having uncontrolled BP following release. Interventions are needed for recently released individuals to improve hypertension outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incarceration History and Uncontrolled Blood Pressure in a Multi-Site Cohort

et al. 2016

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“…W omen in jails and prisons are at high risk for cervical cancer, [1][2][3] and cervical cancer is the most common type of cancer among female prisoners. 4 Based on nationally representative surveys, women in U.S. jails and prisons have significantly greater odds than the general population of having cervical cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer in Criminal Justice Settings

Binswanger

Mueller²,

Clark³

et al. 2011

Journal of Women's Health

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Background: Women in criminal justice settings have an increased prevalence of cervical cancer compared with the general population. However, little is known about abnormal cervical cancer screening results among women in jail and community-based criminal justice settings. Thus, the aims of this study were to compare the prevalence of self-reported abnormal Papanicolou (Pap) test results in women in jail and under community criminal justice supervision and to examine factors associated with abnormal Pap tests in these criminal justice settings. Methods: We analyzed data from two cross-sectional surveys of women in jails and community corrections in two Southern cities (n = 380) about their history of abnormal Pap tests and risk factors for cervical cancer. Univariate analyses (analysis of variance [ANOVA] and chi-square) and a binary logistic regression analysis were conducted to test associations between a history of abnormal Pap testing and factors known to be associated with cervical cancer. Results: Nearly half of the women surveyed (n = 163, 43%) reported ever having an abnormal Pap test. There was a high prevalence of risk factors for cervical cancer among women with and without an abnormal Pap test. After controlling for age and race, there were significant associations between an abnormal Pap test and inconsistent use of barrier protection (odds ratio [OR] 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-3.43), having a history of gynecologic infections (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.05-2.67), and having a history of sexually transmitted diseases (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.17-3.15). Conclusions: Women in jail and under community justice supervision reported a high prevalence of risk factors for cervical cancer. Because of their high prevalence of abnormal Pap testing, women in criminal justice settings may be appropriate targets for improved cervical cancer screening, prevention with human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, risk reduction education, and treatment.

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“…26 Prisoners, on average, experience a higher burden of chronic disease and disability at younger ages than nonincarcerated populations. 27 Absent a major shift in criminal justice policy, this aging demographic will continue to drive prison-based healthcare utilization and costs even higher. 25,28 Conditions commonly associated with advancing age-multimorbidity, sensory impairment, disability, dementia, and end-of-life care-present unique challenges in the correctional environment, and can lead to worsening health, increased vulnerability to injury or victimization, and increased healthcare utilization and cost.…”

Section: Responding To Changing Demographics-geriatric Carementioning

confidence: 99%