Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated Risk Factors among Diabetic Patients in Southern Ethiopia

Abstract

Abstract:Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetes is associated with an increased risk of premature mortality, kidney failure and cardiovascular disease. No studies are available on the prevalence of CKD among diabetics in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CKD and its associated risk factors among diabetic adults attending Butajira hospital of Southern Ethiopia based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Methods: A facility based cross sectional study was conducted in Butajira hospital, southern Ethiopia among 214 randomly selected diabetic adults. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from September 1, 2013 to October 31, 2013. The simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Cockroft-Gault (CG) equations were used to estimate GFR (eGFR) from serum creatinine value. SPSS 20.0 Software was used for data analysis. Results: 39 (18.2%) and 51 (23.8%) of the study participants were found to have CKD, as defined by eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 , according to the MDRD and Cockroft-Gault equations, respectively. Of these; 17.3 and 22.9% have stage 3 CKD, and 0.9% have stage 4 CKD, respectively. Significant risk factors for CKD in the study subjects when using either the MDRD or C-G equation were older age, longer duration of diabetes, family history of kidney disease, and poor glucose control (P < 0.05). Additionally, female sex (P < 0.008) and obesity (P < 0.038) were independent risk factors for CKD when defined by the MDRD, and type 2 diabetes was when defined by C-G (P < 0.03). Conclusion: CKD was present in not less than 18.2% diabetic adults attending the follow up clinic at Butajira hospital, in southern Ethiopia. Risk factors for CKD were similar to those reported in developed country studies. Using the MDRD equation led to a lower prevalence of CKD and a better risk categorization than did by C-G equation, thus contributing to better management of clinical outcomes in diabetic care.

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease stages 3-5 among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh

“…We have found that CKD was significantly more common in females, in patients with hypertension and in those with long duration of diabetes. These are well recognized risk factors for CKD in diabetes and have been reported in several studies done in developed as well as developing countries of the world [7,12,23,25]. It was interesting to note that CKD was present in significantly higher proportion in those who had adequate glycemic control (HbA1c <7%).…”

“…Studies from UK, USA, Spain and Australia have reported the prevalence of CKD in T2DM patients as 27.5% (stage 3-5), 43.5%, 27.9% and 47.1% respectively [21,2,22,23]. The Rahim MA et al rate is almost similar (23.8 to 46.0%) in developing countries [7,12,24,25]. The wide variation of prevalence of CKD among the T2DM cases in different studies may reflect quality of diabetes care, screening methods used and stages of CKD included in these studies.…”

“…The prevalence of DM, particularly type 2 DM (T2DM), is increasing more in low and middleincome countries [1]. DM is now one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) both in developed and developing countries [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Approximately, 40% of all diabetic patients develop nephropathy and onethird to half of the patients requiring renal replacement therapy for their ESRD is primarily due to DM [8][9][10][11].…”

Renal Function Assessment Among Diabetic Patients in Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Assela, South East Ethiopia

“…Chronic diseases such as diabetes are major public health problems in Ethiopia and kidney disease is one of the commonest complaints in any Ethiopian hospital diabetic outpatient department. The overall prevalence of kidney disease in diabetic patients in Ethiopia range from 23.8% [6] to 45.7% [5]. As the number of diabetic associated kidney disease complaints is increasing there is a need to systematically assess the trend of the disease and plan better strategies to at least minimize the incidence rate of the disease among the community.…”

Serum Intact Parathyroid Hormone Level is Inversely Correlated with Glycated Haemoglobin in Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3-5 Predialysis Patients

“…1 DM is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) both in developed and developing countries. [2][3][4][5][6][7] Diagnosis of CKD among patients with DM merits considerable changes in antidiabetic management, cardiovascular risk modification and addressing other metabolic issues including chronic kidney diseasemineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD). Treatment of CKD-MBD is an integral component of CKD management.…”