Prevalence of Celiac Disease in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Increased in the Mid‐1990s: An 18‐year Longitudinal Study Based on Anti‐endomysial Antibodies

Salardi, S; Volta, Umberto; Zucchini, Stefano; Fiorini, E; Maltoni, Giulio; Vaira, Bernardino; Cicognani, Alessandro

doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e31815d697e

Cited by 86 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…In Italy, the prevalence of celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes is around 7% [9,10] , 3.6% of which at type 1 diabetes onset [9] , at a younger age [10] and in boys [10] ; moreover, according to a study by Salardi et al [11] , the prevalence of celiac disease has significantly increased since 1994 (10.6% vs 6.6%, P = 0.015), probably due to changes in environmental factors, namely, eating habits and viral infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 1 diabetes and celiac disease: The effects of gluten free diet on metabolic control

Scaramuzza

Mantegazza²,

Bosetti³

et al. 2013

WJD

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with celiac disease, with a prevalence that varies between 0.6% and 16.4%, according to different studies. After a diagnosis of celiac disease is confirmed by small bowel biopsy, patients are advised to commence a gluten-free diet (GFD). This dietary restriction may be particularly difficult for the child with diabetes, but in Europe (and in Italy) many food stores have targeted this section of the market with better labeling of products and more availability of specific GFD products. Treatment with a GFD in symptomatic patients has been shown to improve the symptoms, signs and complications of celiac disease. However, the effects of a GFD on diabetic control are less well established. Initial reports of improved hypoglycemic control were based on children who were diagnosed with celiac disease associated with malabsorption, but there have subsequently been reports of improvement in patients with type 1 diabetes with subclinical celiac disease. There are other studies reporting no effect, improved control and an improvement of hypoglycemic episodes. Moreover, in this review we wish to focus on low glycemic index foods, often suggested in people with type 1 diabetes, since they might reduce postprandial glycemic excursion and enhance longterm glycemic control. In contrast, GFD may be rich in high glycemic index foods that can increase the risk of obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease, worsening the metabolic control of the child with diabetes. Hence, it is important to evaluate the impact of a GFD on metabolic control, growth and nutritional status in children with type 1 diabetes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 1 diabetes and celiac disease: The effects of gluten free diet on metabolic control

Scaramuzza

Mantegazza²,

Bosetti³

et al. 2013

WJD

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show abstract

“…The prevalence of CD among adults and children with T1DM varies in different geographical populations and is observed to range between 1 and 11 % [4][5][6][7]. This close association has been ascribed to the same HLA pattern, namely HLA-DQ2 and/or DQ8, which predisposes individuals to both disorders.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data suggest the importance of screening for CD for patients with T1DM at the time of diabetes diagnosis and then annually for several years after diagnosis. In particular, antibody positivity for CD may appear within 6 years from the initial diagnosis of T1DM [4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coeliac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus: epidemiology, clinical implications and effects of gluten-free diet

2012

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“…In 1999, the WHO-revised classification of diabetes based on the etiopathogenesis of the disease identifies only two categories-type 1 DM and type 2 DM [56]. Basically, type 1 DM is a polygenic disease with an auto-immune basis, and this has led to the speculation by several investigators that an auto-immune mechanism is also involved in the etiology of MMDM [58][59][60]. For instance, it has been observed that sub-clinical or 'silent' celiac disease is present in patients with MMDM and must be taken into consideration in the diagnosis of MMDM [59,60].…”

Section: Chronic Undernutrition and Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Diabetes Mellitus and the Double Burden of Malnutrition: An Emerging Public Health Challenge in Developing Countries

Uwaezuoke¹

2015

J Diabetes Metab

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The 'double burden of malnutrition' refers to the simultaneous existence of both undernutrition and overnutrition in the same population across the life course. Diabetes mellitus (DM) -a major non-communicable disease -has been linked to both chronic undernutrition and obesity; the latter is now assuming prominence in developing countries. The present review aims to highlight the global burden of this non-communicable disease in children and its relationship with the 'double burden of malnutrition'. Type 2 DM has rapidly evolved from a disease of the Western world to a global disease; from a disease of affluence to a disease that now afflicts the poor; and from an adult-onset disease to a disease that is gaining prominence in the pediatric population. Estimates from the International Diabetes Federation show that diabetes affects at least 285 million people worldwide out of which two-thirds occur in developing (low-to middle-income) countries. The global epicenter of diabetes epidemic is located in China and India as Asia has undergone rapid economic development, urbanization and transitions in nutritional status. Overweight and obesity are propelling the worldwide diabetes epidemic. Central obesity is correlated with both insulin resistance and type 2 DM. Moreover, the scourge of chronic undernutrition among children in tropical developing countries may predispose them to malnutrition-modulated diabetes mellitus (MMDM) later in life. Children in these regions are thus faced with a health-related dilemma. There is an urgent need to develop a comprehensive prevention program targeted at reducing diabetes risk and promoting proper nutrition among children in these countries.

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Prevalence of Celiac Disease in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Increased in the Mid‐1990s: An 18‐year Longitudinal Study Based on Anti‐endomysial Antibodies

Cited by 86 publications

References 14 publications

Type 1 diabetes and celiac disease: The effects of gluten free diet on metabolic control

Type 1 diabetes and celiac disease: The effects of gluten free diet on metabolic control

Coeliac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus: epidemiology, clinical implications and effects of gluten-free diet

Childhood Diabetes Mellitus and the Double Burden of Malnutrition: An Emerging Public Health Challenge in Developing Countries

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