Prevalence of Celiac Disease among Children in Finland

Mäki, Markku; Mustalahti, K.; Kokkonen, Jorma; Kulmala, Petri; Haapalahti, Mila; Karttunen, Tuomo J.; Ilonen, Jorma; Laurila, Kaija; Dahlbom, Ingrid; Hansson, Tomas; Höpfl, Peter; Knip, Mikael

doi:10.1056/nejmoa021687

Cited by 828 publications

(553 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It has become clear that these prevalence rates represent the tip of the celiac disease iceberg and the majority of people with celiac disease present with a milder, more insidious onset of symptoms. Screening of blood donors for antibodies associated with celiac disease have shown rates of positive antibodies of approximately 1:133 in non at-risk individuals (3), and certain populations as high as 1:100 (24,25). Other studies using celiac disease related antibodies followed up with small intestinal biopsy have also revealed an overall prevalence of 1% across many different populations.…”

Section: Epidemiology (Table 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Celiac Disease: Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Associated Autoimmune Conditions

Barker

Liu

2008

Advances in Pediatrics

159

130

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Section: Epidemiology (Table 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Celiac Disease: Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Associated Autoimmune Conditions

Barker

Liu

2008

Advances in Pediatrics

159

130

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“…13 Epidemiological studies, performed by accurate serological screening in the general population, have radically changed our knowledge about CD prevalence, showing that the disease occurs worldwide much more frequently than previously thought (Table 1). [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] The highest reported prevalence is in Europe: 1 in 99 in Finland, 1 in 122 in Northern Ireland and 1 in 175 people in Italy. 16,20,21 Until a few years ago, gluten-sensitive enteropathy was erroneously considered uncommon in the United States, but serological screening in healthy blood donors has revealed a prevalence approaching that of Europe (1 in 250).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] The highest reported prevalence is in Europe: 1 in 99 in Finland, 1 in 122 in Northern Ireland and 1 in 175 people in Italy. 16,20,21 Until a few years ago, gluten-sensitive enteropathy was erroneously considered uncommon in the United States, but serological screening in healthy blood donors has revealed a prevalence approaching that of Europe (1 in 250). 22 Whereas CD is well documented in Asians from India and Pakistan, 23 it is rare among native Japanese and Chinese.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Celiac disease: diagnostic criteria in progress

2011

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Until a few years ago, celiac disease (CD) was thought to be a rare food intolerance that was confined to childhood and characterized by severe malabsorption and flat intestinal mucosa. Currently, CD is regarded as an autoimmune disorder that is common in the general population (affecting 1 in 100 individuals), with possible onset at any age and with many possible presentations. The identification of CD is challenging because it can begin not only with diarrhea and weight loss but also with atypical gastrointestinal (constipation and recurrent abdominal pain) and extra-intestinal symptoms (anemia, raised transaminases, osteoporosis, recurrent miscarriages, aphthous stomatitis and associated autoimmune disorders), or it could be completely symptomless. Over the last 20 years, the diagnostic accuracy of serology for CD has progressively increased with the development of highly reliable tests, such as the detection of IgA tissue transglutaminase and antiendomysial and IgG antideamidated gliadin peptide antibodies. The routine use of antibody markers has allowed researchers to discover a very high number of 'borderline' cases, characterized by positive serology and mild intestinal lesions or normal small intestine architecture, which can be classified as potential CD. Therefore, it is evident that the 'old celiac disease' with flat mucosa is only a part of the spectrum of CD. It is possible that serology could identify CD in its early stages, before the appearance of severe intestinal damage. In cases with a positive serology but with mild or absent intestinal lesions, the detection of HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 can help reinforce or exclude the diagnosis of gluten sensitivity.

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“…It is estimated that for every diagnosed case of CD there are five undetected cases. The estimated global prevalence of CD is between 1 in 100 and 1 in 250, although few specific data about our study population of 2-4-y olds are available (1)(2)(3)(4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic screening for subclinical celiac disease using a rapid test in children aged 2–4

Almazán¹,

Ortega²,

Torres

et al. 2015

Pediatr Res

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Background: Our aim is to study the prevalence of subclinical celiac disease (CD) and analyze the diagnostic yield of a new rapid test in children aged 2-4. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study in a sample population of children aged 2-4 from the same metropolitan area. We recruited apparently healthy subjects, and collected clinical, anthropometric, analytical, and serological variables. We also tested for anti-gliadin IgA and anti-transglutaminase IgG and IgA using a rapid immunochromatographic test CD1WB and CD2WB (Operon, Zaragoza, Spain). results: One hundred and ninety-eight children were recruited, signed the informed consent form, and completed the protocol (mean age 32.3 ± 9.2 mo, 53% males). CD prevalence according to the serological tests was 3% (CI 95%, 1.4-6.4%). Biopsies were used to confirm the diagnosis in all suspected cases. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of the CD2WB immunochromatographic test strip were 100% and 1, respectively. The sensitivity of CD1WB was 16.6% and its specificity was high (89.1%). conclusion: The prevalence of subclinical CD in the sample group of 2-4-y old was higher than that found by other authors. The CD2WB immunochromatographic test strip is an excellent diagnostic screening tool with high sensitivity and negative predictive value.

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Prevalence of Celiac Disease among Children in Finland

Cited by 828 publications

References 32 publications

Celiac Disease: Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Associated Autoimmune Conditions

Celiac Disease: Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Associated Autoimmune Conditions

Celiac disease: diagnostic criteria in progress

Diagnostic screening for subclinical celiac disease using a rapid test in children aged 2–4

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