Prevalence of Carrying a Weapon and Related Behaviors in Urban Schoolchildren, 1989 to 1993

Arria, Amelia M.; Wood, N.; Anthony, James C.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170250051008

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…One, and possibly the most common, approach is to consider each item separately in a series of regression analyses. For example, in a study of weapons carrying behavior in an urban sample of schoolchildren (Arria, Wood, & Anthony, 1995), the likelihood of carrying a knife at the present interview period (incident case) was predicted by carrying a stick at the prior interview period. Similar analyses were repeated for other weapons, with recognition that this type of analysis did not fully utilize all available information such as the potential correlation among various behaviors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent Transition Modeling of Progression of Health-Risk Behavior

Reboussin

Reboussin²,

Liang

et al. 1998

Multivariate Behavioral Research

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Longitudinal studies are helpful for understanding the complex progression of health-risk behavior over time and for identifying risk factors amenable to intervention. This article focusses on methods for modeling transitions between health-risk states over time when .are common multiple indicators of health-risk are available. Multiple measures of health-rick in studies which utilize questionnaires and surveys involving a series of self-report questions ach providing information regarding health-risk. A latent transition model is presented as am alternative to approaches that analyze indicators separately or use summative indices. These approaches ignore both the correlation between indicators and the multidimensional structure of health-risk. In the present article, transitions between latent health-risk states are modeled using a logistic regression model for nominal responses. A two-stage estimation procedure which is an estimating equations analogue of the pseudo-likelihood method is applied so that the complexity of full maximum likelihood is avoided and standard error calculation is straightforward. This procedure is applied to self-report data on weapons carrying behavior in an urban sample of schoolchildren followed annually for five years.

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confidence: 99%

Latent Transition Modeling of Progression of Health-Risk Behavior

Reboussin

Reboussin²,

Liang

et al. 1998

Multivariate Behavioral Research

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“…Specifically, they reported that young juveniles were likely to carry guns because of involvement with gangs whereas older juveniles were more likely to carry guns because of involvement with drug dealing. Arria, Wood, and Anthony (1995) found that as juveniles mature they progress from carrying sticks to carrying knives and guns. DuRant et al (1999) found that older middle school students are more likely than their younger counterparts to carry weapons to school, and Simon et al (1997) found a similar relationship between age and weapon carrying among high school students.…”

Section: Variables Associated With Juvenile Weapon Carryingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The escalation of public attention began in the 1980s when the rates of weapon-associated juvenile crime started increasing (Finkelhor & Ormod, 2001;Snyder & Sickmund, 2000b). Between 1979 and1989, homicide emerged as the second leading cause of death for people between the ages of 15 and 19 years and the leading cause of death for Black males in this age group (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 1990;Fingerhut, Ingram, & Feldman, 1992). The rate of violent death among juveniles then continued to climb throughout the early 1990s (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2000; Davis, 1998).…”

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Juveniles and Weapons

Brown

2004

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice

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This article summarizes recent research on juvenile access to firearms, juvenile weapon carrying, variables associated with juvenile weapon carrying, and the unlawful use of weapons by juveniles. Although weapon-associated juvenile violence has declined since the mid-1990s, research indicates that juveniles have easy access to firearms and that delinquent juveniles are more likely than nondelinquent juveniles to own and carry guns and other weapons. However, there are no empirical data that indicate that the majority of juvenile gun owners or weapon carriers are delinquents. Thus, for purposes of policy and program development, a distinction should be drawn between (a) juveniles who own and carry firearms and other weapons for legitimate reasons and (b) juveniles who own and carry firearms and other weapons for crime-related reasons.

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“…8 -10 This is partially explained by the risktaking behaviors in this population such as nonuse of seat belts, fighting, alcohol use, 11 and lethal weapon possession. 12 Our study was conducted to evaluate the specific reason for EMS transport (i.e., chief complaint) of pediatric patients, and to provide specific information about pediatric EMS patients. Such information might provide guidance for planning interventions, especially for potential high-risk EMS patients such as those transported for violence or substance abuse.…”

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confidence: 99%

Disturbing TrendsThe Epidemiology of Pediatric Emergency Medical Services Use

Sapién

Fullerton

Olson

et al. 1999

Academic Emergency Medicine

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Abstract. Objective: To compare pediatric ambulance patients transported for chief complaints of suicide, assault, alcohol, and drug intoxication (SAAD) with pediatric patients transported for all other chief complaints. Methods: An out-of-hospital database for the primary transporting service in an urban area was analyzed for patients 0 -20 years of age from 1992 to 1995. Chief complaints by age, gender, and billing status were analyzed. Results: There were 17,722 transports. The SAAD group comprised 14.9% of all transports (suicide attempt 1.6%, assault 5.9%, alcohol intoxication 3.2%, and drug abuse 4.2%). The proportion of transports due to SAAD increased with age: 0 -11-year-olds (4.2%); 11 -16-year-olds (17.5%); and 17 -20-year-olds (20.3%) (p = 0.0001). Genders were equally represented in the overall group, while males comprised 52.6% of the SAAD transports (p = 0.032). In the SAAD group, the majority of transports for assaults (55.9%) and alcohol (58.8%) involved males, while females were the majority in transports for suicide (52.3%) and drug abuse (66%) (p = 0.0001). Reimbursement sources differed, with those in the SAAD group less likely to be reimbursed by private or public (Medicaid, government) insurance (p < 0.0001) compared with the overall group. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of pediatric emergency medical services transports are for high-risk conditions. This patient population differs from the overall group by age distribution and reimbursement source. Key words: EMS; pediatrics; injuries; suicide; alcohol abuse; epidemiology. ACADEMIC EMER- GENCY MEDICINE 1999; 6:232 -238 T HE EPIDEMIOLOGY of the pediatric emergency medical services (EMS) population has been described. 1 -7 The existing studies usually describe the pediatric EMS population by age group and major category (medical vs trauma) for transport.Of concern in this population are adolescents who are at risk for experiencing injury morbidity and mortality. In fact, trauma is the leading cause for EMS/hospital use by and death of adolescents. 8 -10 This is partially explained by the risktaking behaviors in this population such as nonuse of seat belts, fighting, alcohol use, 11 and lethal weapon possession. 12 Our study was conducted to evaluate the specific reason for EMS transport (i.e., chief complaint) of pediatric patients, and to provide specific information about pediatric EMS patients. Such information might provide guidance for planning interventions, especially for potential high-risk EMS patients such as those transported for violence or substance abuse. Based on existing literature, we hypothesized that the four high-risk issues of suicide, assault, alcohol, and drug intoxication (SAAD) would be leading causes of ambulance transports among older pediatric patients. We further hypothesized that patients transported for these SAAD chief complaints would be disproportionately male and more likely to have public insurance as their reimbursement source than would patients transported for other reasons. METHODSStudy De...

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Prevalence of Carrying a Weapon and Related Behaviors in Urban Schoolchildren, 1989 to 1993

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Latent Transition Modeling of Progression of Health-Risk Behavior

Latent Transition Modeling of Progression of Health-Risk Behavior

Juveniles and Weapons

Disturbing TrendsThe Epidemiology of Pediatric Emergency Medical Services Use

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